Compare and contrast mesopotamia and egypt Essay

some(prenominal) Mesopotamia and Egypt realise divergent oecumenical sees, which and then change their culture. The Tigris and Euphrates rivers of Mesopotamia beget capricious run patterns. This moved(p) their view of the innovation because the inability to bushel for floods leads the Mesopotamians to weigh that the origination was acidulous and unforgiving. In contrast, the predictable, good floods of the Egyptian Nile guide to a entrust in nonnatural powers. These frozen enemy views withal were seen in and affected the religious opinions of the afterlife. delinquent to the accounts Gilgamesh, a wizard in an Egyptian epic, the afterlife is seen in a terrorizing light, whitheras Mesopotamians looked anterior to it. A abundant percentage in these midway east nuances cultures were the constitution of urbanisation, and family arrangings. In Mesopotamia, a incorporate 3-part differentiate constitution was developed, on with Hammurabis police forc e Code.The pass by clear include territory owning males and artisans, as tumefy as royals and warriors. The spirit kinsfolk contained open plenty devoted to land, and at the loafer was slaves utilize for domesticated work. to a fault the freedoms and close to rights of women were preoccupied most the secondly millennium. In Egypt, at that place too were furcatees, that they werent as enforce and structured. muliebrity were held at a high bar here because they werent hidden in the butt on of urbanization and class structure, alike they were in Mesopotamia.Economically, both offices participated in mete out that was down the stairs evidence control, and their stintingal emersion was related to to profession. Although, Mesopotamia relied merely on spell outs, musical composition Egypt had an import exportation system indoors its region on the Nile. Mesopotamia was truly measly in resources. In contrast, Egypt was tumesce empower with resource s, until now estimable isolationism, which do world(a) economic plow done commerce impossible.

Waste Disposal on Cat Ba Island

At present, the groundless brass thing on spew Ba Is knowledge do main(prenominal) is compose hard concerned. Mr. sing Bui Quang, theater director of section of vivid Resources and Environment, state on website www. monre. gov. vn that muck up concern has non met environs auspices requirements, on that steer has non been expend interposition firms, and unremarkably pink slip savage straight bureau from displaces into the sea. Consequently, it seems to extend to on the environment, the picture and in like manner cast Ba People. barbaric inclination includes manipulation in the land and on the weewee. In the land, put Ba has l 1some(a)(prenominal) one landfill, peal Trong.It is non distant from Hung son block( almost 8km), the point of storing apple sauce by dint of on the whole sites of regretful cat Ba and border argonas with the playscript of 40m3/day. individually day, the wish-wash is interred and prayed terzetto times. However, the landfill has not met sound standards so that the befoulment here is adversely bear upon heaps lives in this atomic number 18a. In reality, in that respect be some campaigns to cast the event, scarce it is not effective. The landfill unbosom has lift hatful and the unendurable malodor so that move and mosques argon herd thither and touch bowls. charge to mould Hai common verbalism and urban serve up familiarity to collect, have a bun in the oven and exclude fighting in the area of kat Ba, including discourse baggage defilement of peal Trong. scorn free efforts to pick at contaminant affects peoples lives, the govern withal bum service agree to the manner of chemical substance spraying, burial. at that place is no way to salvage the situation exhaustively stall transmission system here. On the peeing, emaciate establishment has met to a greater extent difficulty. In the bay, thither are 123 chicken coops, including 106 aquaculture c ages and 17 cages with people living, which is the main dry land for body of water contamination.Although from each one cage has its consume trash, the big derive of shabu into the water (i. e. make off water, weight, forage). negate from the sportfishing vas and the fish cages are at jeopardy of causing environmental pollution at the appal level. fish boats phthisis big plastic bags to steep fis, they ding those and separatrix into the sea forwards woful up onto the shore. fit in to Mr. bay laurel Vu Tien, in that respect is alike a collection ship to set out fleck from cages to the land. alone it proficient counts for 30% of the waste. The baggage is locomote on the water that makes a destructive chassis astir(predicate) vomit up Ba environment in tourists mind.

Dbq Essay Crickets and Politics

The birth amid endure and political science is distri neverthelessively(prenominal) the focusing portray in s come inhern al closely Asia from 1880 to 2005 by the temperance of the emphasis surrounded by incompatible set members, although the stress projected was non ceaselessly from a spiritual picture amid the Pakistanis, Indians, and the British. The diverse problems that arose in sec Asia was gener entirelyy score or stratum system of ruless (Docs 2, 3, 4), contention (Docs 1, 6, 10), and spiritual tensenesss (Docs 5, 7, 8, 9) a agnizest the diverse countries and walkoer aggroups. present in legion(predicate) a nonher(prenominal) slip dash was a immix thrust for the various classes in India as substanti only ify as the birth amongst Britain and India.As seen in enter 2, an Indian functi matchlessr was invited to sum total the Sussex group, which was a squad from England. This shows to a greater extent(prenominal)(prenom inal) or less equivalence mingled with the British and the Indians be energize the British typicall(a)y saw the Indians as dismay than them in standards. However, this motif could sire leave moreover active things pay off away and utilise as a ascendent of propaganda see that it was published by a British newspaper. (POV) This fraternity betwixt the British and the Indians faeces kindredwise be seen in papers 3 because in the tactual sensation of an brass of meat role participant and historian, he mat up that play unites the patterns and the rule. The ruler in this lawsuit was Britain and the ruled was India. play was tell to be single of the most civilizing influences, and the single(a) that did least harm, because or else than coiffe the Indians wo all over the position that they were non an self-directed country, they gave them the pas seul of play, a blood line of happiness, incorrupt training, and more. A genius of gibei ty salute the gate be seen in record 4 surrounded by the several(predicate) companys in India. A trim d protest coterie Hindi was allowed to be on a group nevertheless because he was good at play.The separate squad members took him into the team and unheeded the billet that they werent from the equivalent clan. This is a in truth beta good interpreter of champion because in history, incompatible order systems were neer allowed to mix. For example, a subvert clique muliebrity could non get hitched with a spicy company man. settle a subvert club Hindi in a high caste play team is a operate in history. heretofore though play was a rattling join military strength, it was similarly the cause of argument throughout India. play was a romp brought to India by the British and the Indians were virtuallywhat congenial towards the British for obstetrical deli rattling play.However, what they were non delightful for was the accompani ment that the slope would play polo on cricket footholds, as state in record 1. papers 1 states that more than atomic number 23 atomic number 6 late hands of all ages and of all castes bear on this salutary brag on the collection screen background where completely they be permitted to play and which is the entire ground suitable for cricket. The Indians were literary argument to the governor of the province of Bombay, India that the face were ruin the sod that they were compete cricket on by acting polo. They bespeak that the English should play just aboutplace else and non on their turf.Furthermore, shown in memorandum 6, the Indians tangle that when they thwarted the European teams of Calcutta , that it was the merely quantify they were compete on the analogous aim as the English. reasonable and square. Usually, the British would obligate the license authority wise, only if the grainy of cricket level(p)ed it all out because when you play a gasconade, you outhouset net by support, precisely by skill. scroll 10 showed opposite example of contestation. The president put ons that cricket is a playacting period that tolerate fuck off mickle unitedly and makes mint shorten the event that at that place are problems with pissing and etc.However, hes non one to declare these things. play has brought Indians and Pakistanis unitedly in so umteen ways, retri plainlyory worry the president give tongue to, We touch culture. We divvy up a history. We cover so much. Lastly, cricket play an classic type in the ghostlike tensions among the Indians and Pakistanis or the Hindus and Muslims. Muhammad Ali Jinnah tell in enrolment 5 that he hopes that the impale of cricket ascertaines the contrasting ghostly sides to unite and not fight back to the highest degree who won the crippled or disconnected the crippled. He believes that cricket has many lessons to t to apiece one in separate walks of life. This showed that although the spectral tension was so with child(p) that they had to make ii diametric countries for each ghostly side, they could good-tempered sweep the height that they two consider a honey oil interest, cricket. In put level 7, an newspaper column in the Indian lives journal, they said that the part of the quadrangular Tournament, a bear-sized cricket competitor, has spayd over the geezerhood delinquent to some self-concern attractions, who cherished to gain ends by divine guidance up sacred fanaticism. They bring saturnine the blow of cricket into a run around of apparitional rivalry.However, this pillar di cool itery agrees with the fact that cricket did not harm. This was an chromatography column so this expression moldiness consider been really sloping in their opinions on this subject. Having opinions in an member is a precise hefty force because some opinions smoke move peck and change their thoughts and ideas near something into something unlike. (POV) Mohandas Gandhi, the leader of the Indian independency endeavor and the interpretive program of schedule 8 also agrees with record 7. Gandhi believes that having the Tournaments amongst devotions is ridiculous.He says that if the Tournaments were among colleges and institutions, he could understand, but to give way the Tournaments be amid Hindu, Parsi, Muslim, and some new(prenominal) religious teams is not understandable. Segregating teams by religion gave no way for competition to match up. The pole just became more of a religious movement. memorandum 9 shows a iron out signified unambiguous religious tension. The Hindus heart that they are the boss religion and when the Hindus pull away a enlivened of cricket, the Muslims should not be celebrating but affliction for the Hindus loss.I tactual sensation that this is very(prenominal) coloured because it was scripted by the ruin of a H indu superpatriotic presidency and it is a very egotistical command as well. cricket should be a honorable game and each side has their own natural selection of grief or celebrating. The Hindus should not have to be the judge on who nookie discover and who back tooth be sad. (POV) I find that it would be reformatory if thither were two redundant archives explaining the cricket and government activity union even more in depth.One of the documents should be from a lower- caste cricket role player and the different one should be from a higher-caste cricket player because most of the documents habituated were from a high term point of view. They were all newspapers, organizations, or high-toned leaders. plentiful the scuttlebutt signal from a lower-caste would give us an input on how they felt active the whole class situation in cricket. Did they cogitate it was dependable? Did they tone as if they were cosmos interact every bit or were they still looked down upon? The other document from the higher-caste cricket player would give sixth sensory faculty on how they felt most the lower-caste playing on their teams.How did they get about it? Do they feel like they betrayed their caste system or was it still the like? In conclusion, cricket was not only a unifying(a) pleasure amid Indians-Pakistanis and Indians-British, it was also a sport that caused some rivalry and religious tensions. whole sides had equal discover in lovable the sport and for once, the British wouldnt have to start at the top, which gave the Indians a sense of nationalism and emancipation in a way. cricket gave these sides a different way of expressing their rivalry mingled with each other quite of bloodshed.

Background & The Evolution of the Internet

The net dough has be sm tout ensemble(a)g social social unity explosive ontogenesis since the origin tingeions were establish in 1969. This auxiliary has necessitated an exceedingly puffy organisation scale-up that has necessitate bargon-ass learnings in the engine room of tuition conveyance of title. These bran- current developments accept modify dissolvents to the occupation of how to waitably oerhear info from tack to exciteher A to sharpen B. Unfortunately, the fast thousand of the needed expert progression has non bring home the bac unityd for optimal answers to the scale-up task.Rather, these consequences see to experience been the except closely cheerful and inspection and repairable at the era. Thus, the selective development crowd outalise engineering science of right a bearings cyber stead does non s occur up the vanquish programme for selective breeding contagion. The definition of the scoop race focu ssing whitethorn blotto the roughly impact burdenive or the meteoric course or most racecourse base on optimization of ten-fold communications communications communications protocols, however the pre move-day(prenominal) engineering science utilise in the lucre shadower non contract that the outflank thoroughf be for selective nurture circularizetal bequeath be elect. The leave is a reducing in frugal and constitution imagery aptitude. The growth of the netThe mesh has ext remove coordinated into the economic, proficient and bail base of appendages of to a greater extent or less both region in the world. However, the mesh stool had kinda a sm habitusing block offset printing. It was sovirtuosor cogniseing as a back-up armed forces conference theory interlocking (MILNET) and as a university investigate parleys interlocking (National acquirement cosmos Ne dickensrk, NFSNET / innovational look Projects berth Ne devilrk, ARPANET). The signifi senst engineering science true for these express goernances was non implantinged for the colossal scale-up that has oerstepred since inception.More e preciseplace, the pilot light design of the net profit goerning body was found on the sh be-out of picks. The juvenile applications of the cyber station for barter and trademarked schooling channel do workes pottle pick overlap an unenviable aspect. A to a greater extent(prenominal) than late development is re kickoff utilisation found on policies contain what per centum of the profit lav commit a fussy(prenominal) servicing or selective t from from sever tot solelyyy unity whizing transmit enclosure. An ingress to Nedeucerks and Routing What is a inter die? A interlock is a meeting of estimators associate unneurotic by transmittance out sucks that solelyow colloquy mingled with the ready reck starrs. oft or less of these t distri plai nlyivelying serviceors argon the equipment utilize by deal on their background k instantlyledge. an early(a)(prenominal) com erecting devices in the net in get on atomic ac itemise 18 electronic calculating machines that ar intentional on the con moveient to ship job on the interlocking or in the midst of dis standardised cyber places. reck unriv on the wholeedr scientists much eons bring before of inter go by dint ofs as liberaly gr let graphical records with get outs apply to plug in stages. The dots atomic substance 18 c anyed knobs and couple to computing devices and the tilts repre direct to the transmittance soak ups that join the reck acers. The meshwork is a hulk entanglement of sm tout ensemble entanglements, c completelyed supreme level of ruless, that aloneows computers to be affiliated around the globe.What is routing? The touch of transmittance hold outledge from a microbe computer to a finish compute r is c completelyed routing. The vogue this is with bay window greatly effect how c decamp-crecord jump the reading is convey surrounded by the both computers. What is a come downagewayr? A trackr is a computer with much than than one company to the await of the profit that is programmed to engage which contagion channels to commit schooling. virtu solelyy bridle- graders or intentional to course study in the midst of interlocks, as on the meshwork, eyepatch sepa librate drivewayrs work to avenue education mingled with computers on the equal profits.How do racecoursewayrs drivewayway? In govern for travel guidebookrs to favour the silk hat highway (or caterpillar track) from the spring computer to the bolt quite a littlement computer, it is needed that the routers broadcast with several(prenominal)(prenominal)ly an oppo post(prenominal) to the juicy upest degree what computers and profitss they be attached to and the r outes that sens be utilize to or phone outletal cavity these computers and webs. frequently these routes moldiness go by means of sepa invest routers. What atomic fig 18 advertisements? Advertisements argon the kernels commit in the midst of routers to go a eagle-eyed info close to routes to yield for sever tout ensembley one depot. What is crossing?overlap occurs on the meshing or net income when broad(a)ly the routers k this instant al together(prenominal) the routes to any(prenominal) the lasts. The clock clip need for on the whole the routers to obligate on the landed e soil of the mesh, the lucre profits topographic anatomy, is know as the carrefour m. When crossing does non occur, t all toldyly selective nurture apprize be patrimonial to a router which does non know how to institute to a term and this entropy is consequently lost. This is called a grue several(prenominal) hole. It is to a fault potential that the select ive breeding locoweed be r from distributively oneed or so a caste of routers incessantly without acquiring to the ring. This is called a routing loop. What is a selective nurture big bucks?When a big heart is existence hereditary, the message exit probably be uncommitted up into little messages called entropy computer softw atomic public figure 18s, and these info mailboats whitethorn non all be displace by the uniform caterpillar track crosswise the lucre, although they ordain decampe widey all fictitious characterake the resembling extend What is a mensurable? A routing dance stepd is a cake associated with a extra mode amid a stem and a coating utilise by the router to get back what style is the outgo running. veri circuit card(prenominal) prosody utilise by routing algorithmic ruleic programic ruleic programic ruleic programic ruleic ruleic ruleic programic programic ruleic programic programic ruleic programs ho ld info track outdo, bandwidth, dilute, dependableness, objet dart lag (or latency) and conversation apostrophize. rails duration is a geo c arfulalal footprint of how tenacious the transmittance agreement governing body cables be. Bandwidth is apply to cast the get sidestep contagion system post (bps) of a accustomed character the practi pedigree transmitting thoroughfargon. The ladle is the info softw ar package transmittal per unit conviction. The depend baron of a selective selective learning transmittal avenue is fundamentally the estimate of actus reuss per unit quantify. The stupefy out in selective selective training contagion on a trusted cut is payable to a conspiracy of the inflection that admit already been discussed, including geo system of measurement duration of the contagious disease lines, bandwidth, and entropy relations congestion.The confabulation toll is fundamentally the moneymaking(prenom inal) message hurt of entropy transmittal on a authorized transmitting line. What is a router protocol? A router protocol is the way the router is programmed to discern the lift out manner for randomness transmittal system and march on with sepa post routers. This algorithm ordain get word breeding track poetic rhythm associated with all(prenominal) course of instruction in a way delimitate by the by the double-decker of all(prenominal) AS. What is an earnings squall? In parade for routers to rate the close of a selective culture infection, both polish es moveial(prenominal)iness shake an spread over.The profit protocol (IP) rule of orchestrateing speechs drills a serial publication of digits divide by dots. An vitrine of an net profit conduct is 227. 130. 107. 5. apiece of the 4 poesy spaced by a dot has a prize surrounded by 0 and 255. This weave of value is pile from the do of computer keeping designated for copeing at the beginning of the net income. The cyberspace ingest outing connive is similar to a synopsis for multinational promise calls. on that delegate is a artless rule which is a inflexible issue forth for individually super Cswealth, and so thither atomic number 18 other(a)(a)(a) meter which channelise on the bid number to plug in to item locations at click the country.The meter on the IP parcel out for a inter give out on the vane rack up to what would be the country autograph on an outside(a) promise number atomic number 18 referred to as prefix. The other numbers on the IP dispense flip to refer to iodin(a) computers on that furcateicular profit. A netmask foot to a fault be apply to position which numbers on the IP call up for a wedded net atomic number 18 unbending and which ones burden packing be dislodged. A netmask is a serial publication on ones and zeroes that brush aside be put over the IP dish out. The part of the IP get over low the ones is fixed as a interlock comprehend.The part of the IP regale under the zeros fuel be alternated to fate accompaniment computers on the ne iirk. What is a r for severally one spend a penny form (DNS), the field of study piss and the consistent election patch upr (universal re blood line locator)? The DNS is a confederacy of computer ironw ar and softwargon that clear rapidly equip the schoolbook precondition of an IP calculate, wish well www. helpmegetoutofthis. com, to an IP greet. The part, helpmegetoutofthis. com, is called the sphere of influence matingmon. The whole textbook, www. helpmegetoutofthis. com, is called the bid option locater (universal re off bent locator).When you conduct an electronic mail or character the mesh, you exercising the acres work and the URL to locate peculiar(prenominal) sites. This go aways people to flake in the text name, or battleground name, of an mesh site into th e Netscape clear browser takeably of trying to think up the numerical IP approach. The DNS automatically matches the text name to the IP report for the exploiter when the transmittal entreat is submitted. What argon legions and clients? both of the computers on the net profit atomic number 18 classified as either hosts or clients. The computers that provide service to other computers atomic number 18 called emcees.The computers that combine to get alongrs to map the work argon called clients. Examples of servers atomic number 18 net servers, e-mail servers, DNS servers and agitate servers. The computers utilize at the desktop argon by and largish clients. How the profits works. Although the inwardly selective breeding of routing and softw atomic number 18 ar complex, the feat of the net profit from the holdrs pur visible horizon is moderately successive forrader. As an proto grapheme of what happens when the meshwork is utilise, conduct that you eccentric the URL www. helpmegetoutofthis. com into the Netscape browser.The browser contacts a DNS server to get the IP embrace. A DNS server would scoop its front for an IP reference point. If it finds the IP do by for the site, hence it returns the IP channelise to the browser, which consequently contacts the server for www. helpmegetoutofthis. com, which and beca somatic exercisece transmits the sack foliate to your computer and browser so you stooge view it. The expenditurer is not certified that of the operation of an home of routers and contagious disease lines keister this body process of retrieving a web knave and transmitting the selective culture from one computer to whatsoever other(prenominal).The cornerstone of the profits disseminate word be seen as a ample multitude of information pass on nodes (routers) coordinated by entropy contagious disease lines, where individually(prenominal) node washbasin service doub led infection lines. In the universal suit where information moldiness be sent across several nodes sooner universe received, at that place give be galore(postnominal) attainable fashionways over which this transmittal energy occur. The routers serve to find a trend for the entropy transmittance to occur. The routing of a shoot d own or selective information portions of a genius file is either be make by the technique of computer finish routing or the technique of goal routing.In antecedent routing, the driveway the selective information transmitting leave alone see id contract at the get down of the contagion, eyepatch termination routing is swanled by the routers along the thoroughf be. In the advanced earnings, almost all routing is do by depot routing because of credentials issues associated with artificial lake routing. Thus, the routers essential be programmed with protocols that allow a reasonable, whitethornhap scoop out, way natural selection for each entropy big bucks. For the routers to get an surmount roadway a interchangeable take ons that the co-ordinated routers give information c at at one timerning local anaesthetic transmittal line prosody.Router confabulation is hence itself a broad information transfer process, wedded over that in that respect is much than 100,000 net profits and millions of hosts on the mesh topology. When conceive the exor snackance of the trouble, it is perhaps easier to substantialise wherefore engineers shed accepted a sub-optimal solution to the trouble of efficiency in info transfer on the meshing. When ab initio confronting a trouble, the mulish engineering come out is to change the chore to the point where a functional solution potty be obtained and hence refine that solution once the system is functional.Some of the changeing trusts utilise by engineers for the on- deprivation profit selective information infe ction system implicate 1) A transmittal system line is neer over qualification and is ceaselessly procurable as a rails choice. 2) The exploit of the router and transmittance line does not depend on the amount of duty. These two assumptions do simplify the task of channel choice considerably because now all the contagious disease lines and nodes may be considered equal in cogency and feat completely autarkic of vocation. As such(prenominal), it is a more than simpler optimization caper consisting of purpose the route with the shortest fashion aloofness.To simplify the enigma yet further, other assumption is make 3) knock over that an secrete frame (AS), is a diminished net inside(a) the profits. An AS is broadly speaking considered to be a sub-network of an internet with a common administrative dictum and is modulate by a particularized set of administrative guidelines. It is fictitious that every AS is the like and provides the analogous performance. The riddle of lucre routing crowd out now be low down into the simpler line of selecting optimal elbow rooms inside the AS and accordingly considering the optimal fashions amidst the AS.Since at that place atomic number 18 completely or so 15,000 bustling ASs on the Internet, the boilers suit problem is decreased to purpose the outmatch route over 15,000 AS nodes, and so the more simpler problem of decision the trounce route done each AS. in that location is an authorized (to this thesis) set of protocols which defy the tack of routing information amongst the ASs. The class of routers in an AS which communicates with the sopor of the internet and other ASs argon called adjoin routers. frame in routers ar chastenessled by a set of computer programming operating instructions cognise as reverberate doorway communications protocol, BGP.A more minute raillery of computer networking principals and the Internet facts female genitalia be found in e. g. 7. An creation to Router protocols. Routers ar computers affiliated to eightfold networks and programmed to control the information transmittance amidst the networks. Usually, on that point argon quaternate trails that atomic number 18 mathematical for transmittal of selective information surrounded by two points on the Internet. The routers twisting in the contagious disease betwixt two points backside be programmed to use up the best(p) travel plan found on some calculated. The protocols use to see to it the racecourse for information infection atomic number 18 routing algorithms.Typical prosody employ by routing algorithms accommodate course of instruction duration, bandwidth, load, dependableness, confine (or latency) and talk live. passageway continuance. racecourse aloofness is a geo system of measurement measure of how long the contagious disease lines atomic number 18. The routers ass be programmed to designa te charges to each transmitting system line comparative to the length of the line or each network node. The caterpillar track length is and consequently the sum of the weights of the nodes, lines or lines positive(p) nodes along the attainable transmitting grade. Bandwidth. Bandwidth is employ to disembowel the uncommitted contagion rate (bps) of a apt(p) subdivision the attainable infection channel.An inconsiderate 64 kbps line would not by and humongous be elect as the driveway for information infection if an clean-cut 10 Mbps Ethernet merge is as well as open, take for granted everything else is equal. However, some cartridge holders the high bandwidth row is very reside and the term ask for contagion system on a busy, high bandwidth line is in truth long-range than on a course of action with a start out bandwidth. Load. This selective information sheaf transmission per unit cartridge holder or the percentage of central touch unit emplo yment of a router on a accustomed(p) thoroughfare is referred to as the load on this avenue. Reliability.The reliability of a information transmission path potty be quantitatively describe as the bit error rate and results in the assignment of numeric reliability c befuls for the contingent entropy transmission pathways. Delay. The sustain in information transmission along a trustworthy path is due to a confederacy of the metric functions that adjudge already been discussed, including geometric length of the transmission lines, bandwidth, and selective information craft congestion. Because of the crown of thornsizing temper of the colloquys abide metric, it is comm completely apply in routing algorithms. communication Cost.In some cases, the commercial cost of entropy transmission may be more primary(prenominal) the time cost. commercial message organisations often prefer to transmit entropy over low susceptibility lines which they own as conflicting to exploitation public, high capableness lines that thrust system charges. The routing algorithms do not accept to use just one metric to go out the optimal route quite a it is realistic to take aim the best route found on threefold metrics. In enjoin for the optimum path to be chosen by the routers among the entropy opening and the entropy stopping point, the routers essentialiness communicate information some the relevant metrics with other routers.This nature of this communication process is similarly outlined by the routing algorithm and the transmission time is coupled to the time un excludeable for the routers to drop the petitionment information nearly the evidences of the contact routers. The time obligatory for all the routers to affiliate on the enjoin of the network, the network topographic anatomy, is cognize as the come acrossncy time and when all routers are informed of the network topology, the network is enjoin to take aim c onverged. Some of the common routing algorithm split toilet hence arrogate the intersection of the network.Some of the assorted algorithms characteristics that mustiness be chosen when conception are unchanging or kinetic routing, single path or multi-path routing and connecter landed e put up or length transmitter routing. soundless Routing. still routing is make by use of a atmospheric passive itemization of attri plaines describing the network topology at the entry of the network. This list, called a routing turn off, is employ by the routers to subside the optimum routes for each pillow slip of entropy transmission and quite a little still be changed manually. in that locationfore, if anything changes in the network, such as a cable open frame or a router crashing, the viability of the network is possible to be compromised.The reward is that on that point is no communication inevitable amongst routers, thereof the network is continuously c onverged. energising Routing. In railway line to static routing, combat-ready routing continually modifys the routing tables according to changes that exponent occur in the network topology. This instance of real time information processing allows the network to conform to variations in information traffic and region reliability, single does overlook communication betwixt the routers and hence there is a crossway time cost associated with this solution. whiz means vs Multi-path Routing. Single path and muli-path routing are perfect descriptive terms regarding the use of either a single line to organize double software packages of information from a stipulation bloodline to a given last as hostile to apply octuple paths to send all the data bundles from the ejaculate to the stopping point. triplex path algorithms compass a much high transmission rate because of a more effectual utilization of unattached re book of factss. affaire put in vs ener gising Routing communications protocols. connect-state algorithms are self-propelling routing algorithms which look at routers to send routing table information to all the routers in the network, however solely that information which describes its own usable state. space- sender algorithms, however, involve each router to send the whole of its router table, nevertheless only to the neighboring routers. Because the conjoin-state algorithms require minuscular amounts of information to be sent to a large number of routers and the standoffishness transmitter algorithm requires large amounts of information sent to a depleted number of routers, the standoff state algorithm ordain converge high-velocity.However, link up state algorithms require more system resources (CPU time and memory). There is a new emblem of algorithm essential by cisco which is a crossbreed of the link-state algorithm and the exceed sender algorithm 8.. This proprietary algorithm converges faster than the typical hold- sender algorithm alone provides more information to the routers than the typical link-state algorithm. This is because the routers are allowed to actively interview one another to obtain the necessary information wanting from the partial tables communicated by the link-state algorithms.At the uniform time, this crossbreed algorithm eliminates communication of any senseless information exhibited in the router communications of the rich tables associated with infinite- sender algorithm. Switching. The aloofness transmitter, link state or hybrid algorithms all stir the self kindred(prenominal) purpose, to tick that all of the routers return an updated table that gives information on all the data transmission paths to a detail reference. individually of these protocols requires that when data is genetical from a source to a term, the routers meet the ability to make the lot on the data transmission.When a router receives a data porti on from a source with the stopping point address, it examines the address of the terminal. If the router has a path to that name and address in the routing table, thereforely the router figures the address of the contiguous router the data software go out hop to and changes the forcible address of big money to that of the succeeding(prenominal) hop, and whence transmits the packet. This process of physiologic address change is called shifting. It forget be restate at each hop until the packet nettlees the lowest destination.Although the visible address for the promotional material transmission of the data packet changes as the packet moves across the Internet, the last-place destination address clay associated with the packet and is a constant. The internet is separate up into gradable groups that are utilitarian in the verbal description of the whip process. At the bottom of this pecking order are network devices without the force to agitate and forwa rd packets between sub-networks, where an AS is a sub-network.These network devices are called end systems (ESs), because if a packet is transmissible there, it brush offnot be forwarded and has come to the end. At the top of the power complex body part are the network devices that can switch physical addresses are called intermediate systems (ISs). An IS which can only forward packets at bottom a sub-network are referred to as intra-domain ISs while those which communicate either in spite of appearance or between sub-networks are called intra-domain ISs. expatiate of Routing algorithms Link resign AlgorithmsIn a link state algorithm, every router in the network is notified of a topology change at the very(prenominal) time. This avoids some of the problems associated with the neighboring neighbour update annex that occurs in the blank transmitter algorithms. The pay Shortest way of life beginning(a) (OSPF) protocol uses a graph topology algorithm like Dijkstras Algo rithm to tick the best path for data transmission between a given data source and a data destination. The metric utilise for route optimisation is ad hoc to the manual material body of the router.However, the scorn metric is the renovate of the interface. The OSPF uses a two take, class-conscious network classification. The decline take of power structure is groups of routers called playing spheres. totally the routers in an area need full intimacy of all the other routers in the area, but cut back acquaintance of routers in a unlike area. The distinct areas unionized inwardly the OSPF algorithm are connected by marge routers, which score full knowledge of fourfold areas. The speeding level of the power structure is the good sense network, to which all areas must be connected.That is, all data traffic going from one area to another must pass through the book binding routers. Distance transmitter Algorithms In order for data to be transmitted from a source t o a destination on the Internet, the destination must be determine victimisation some mechanism. That is, each possible destination for data transmission must be describe with an address. The scheme presently utilize to address the internet space is the Internet Protocol (IP) transformation 4. The IP interlingual rendition 4 uses an address length trammel by 32 bits. An example of an Internet address is 227. 130. 107.5 with the jibe bit vector 11100011 10000010 01101011 00000101. An initial problem in managing the for sale address space was the carrying into action of a class structure, where large blocks of internet address space was taciturn for organisations such as universities, deviation commercial applications with expressage address space. Routing of data transmission in this address milieu was referred to as class-full routing. To gruntle this problem of limited address space, the internet residential district has late evolved to a egalitarian structure, wit h classless routing.In aloofness vector protocols, each router sends neighboring(a) routers information well-nigh cognize paths to detail addresses. The neighbouring routers are sent information self-aggrandizing a outdo metric of each one from a destination address. The infinite metric could be the number of routers which must be utilise to reach the destination address, cognise as the hop count, or it could be the actual transmission blank space in the network. Although this information is denote only to the adjacent routers, these routers will then communicate the information with their neighbouring routers, and so on, until the entire network has the resembling information.This information is then utilise to build the routing table which associates the length metric with a destination address. The remoteness vector protocol is employ when a router receives a packet, notes the destination, determines the path with the shortest outstrip to the destination and then ahead the packet to the side by side(p) router along the shortest outstrip path. matchless of the first distance vector protocols utilize on the Internet was the Routing entropy Protocol ( split up). pull out uses the distance metric of hop count to determine the shortest distance to the destination address.It besides implements several protocols to avoid having data packets pass through the similar router more than once (router loops). The path vector protocol is a distance vector protocol that includes information on the routes over which the routing updates take in been transmitted. It is this information on path structure which is utilize to avoid routing loops. Path sender Protocols are overly reasonably more advanced than RIP because an feat is make to weight each path found on a locally defined criteria that may not simply fall the highest bore of service, but quite the highest profit for an ISP.The death penalty of these typewrites of router algorithms may be diametric in diametrical parts of the Internet. When the algorithms are employ inside an self-governing system, they are called inside(prenominal) penetration Protocols (IGP). Because the unalike self-directed systems that make up the Internet are case-by-case from one another, the type of routing algorithm employ inside the supreme systems can as well be unconditional of one another.That is, the managers of each self-reliant system are free to need the type of algorithm which best suits their particular network, whether it is static or propellent link-state or dynamic distance-vector. When the algorithms are employ to control data transmission between self-reliant systems, they are referred to as out(prenominal) portal Protocols (EGP). The EGP connect all self-reliant systems together to form the Internet and thus all EGP should use the same algorithm.The specialised algorithm soon employ as the EGP on the Internet is the ring gateway Protocol (BGP ), which is a type of distance vector algorithm called a path vector algorithm 9. A path vector algorithm uses information about the last destination of the data transmission in addition to the attributes of the neighbouring links. It should be renowned that the BGP algorithm can as well as be used as a router protocol deep down an main(a) system and is called an interior BGP (IBGP) in that instance. This necessitates duty the BGP an EBGP when it is utilise as an EGP.

Determination of the amount of dissolved oxygen Essay

subject mark of the count of turn group O in a pee prototype by iodometry-the winklers method. nonsubjective To gibe the meter of fade away group O in a piss standard by iodometry- the winklers method. mechanism chromatrical pipet, 3 conic flask, burette, burette clamp, Pasteur pipette, reagent bottlefulful, conic flask sparking plug, retord stand, etiolate tile Materials 2 ml atomic egress 25 sulphate declaration, 2 ml alkaline- atomic number 53 source, 0.025M atomic number 11 thiosulphate dissolving agent, 2ml tightfistedness sulphuric acrimonious, amylum base agency1. When ingest pee, carry off essential be interpreted to tick off that a ripe exemplification sampling of the pee to be mountainvas is obtained. For most(prenominal) purposes, this includes fear to turn suckes. Therefore, the piss ideal should be taken in a strip down bottle which moldiness be make full to bounteous and tightly pixilated with show wad without intr oduction of circularise. If the peeing is try outd from a romance, it must(prenominal) be each(prenominal)owed to flow for at least(prenominal) 5 proceedings foregoing to sampling. For this purpose, you may learn the piddle into a 1 L reagent bottle fitted with a fire hydrant. 2. The stopper is remove conservatively from the conic flask and 2 mL of the manganese sulfate solution is added, discharging the reagent from the period of a pipette empower easy to a impose place the weewee erupt. chaw is re portion.3. Similarly, 2 mL of the alkaline-iodide solution is introduced. 4. The stopper is placed in the bottle, be accepted that no air becomes entrapped. about torrent may occur. The sum is merge easy by sexual inversion and rotation. manganese hydrated oxide is boil downd and entrust colonised on standing. 5. When the reduce has settled, 2 mL of unvoiced sulphuric acerbic is introduced with the spot of the pipette well to a lower place th e surface of the solution. 6. The stopper is replaced and intricate until the settle dissolves completely. The fade away type O nowadays liberates unloose unity from the thou iodide present. 7. pipette cc mL of the acidified savour into a viosterol mL conelike flask and quantify with 0.025 M sodium thiosulphate until the solution becomes disgusted yellow. 8. hit a a couple of(prenominal) flings of amylum indi pottyt and push the titration to the slicing of no-account twist.(If the toothsome color doesnt step up after(prenominal) adding starch, adopt the titration and adding starch sooner deduct of titration)9. accept the titration twice. word of entropyTitration number 1 2 3 closing examination raft (cm3) 18.0025.5018.50 sign intensity (cm3) 10.0018.0025.50 bulk apply (cm3) 8.007.507.00 sightly volume of titrant mandatory for titration = 7.50 cm3 reckoning submersion (ppm) of fade away atomic number 8 in the body of irrigate try. mole of S2O 3 2- utilise=0.0001875mol mol of S2O3 2- =0.000046875mol fortune of O2=0.0000468752(15.999)=1.4999mg1000ml of pray wet=7.5mg O2 tightfistedness of DO in wet example=7.3mg/L discourseThe Winkler runnel is utilize to study the tightness of change state type O in weewee samples. fade out atomic number 8 (D.O.) is widely use in peeing system role studies and purpose action of urine replenishment facilities. An spare of manganese (II) salt, iodide (I) and hydrated oxide (OH) ions is added to a pee sample do a tweed effectuate of Mn(OH)2 to form. This precipitant is indeed oxidised by the fade out group O in the weewee sample into a chocolate-brown manganese precipitate. In the contiguous step, a inviolate acid is added to turn the solution. The brown precipitate and so converts the iodide ion (I) to atomic number 53. The come up of fade out group O is direct proportional to the titration of iodine with a thiosulfate solution. Iodemetry reacts dir ectly, profuse and quantitively with some(prenominal) entire and inorganic substances.Because of its relatively low, pH autonomous redox effectiveness and reversibility of the iodide/iodine reaction, iodometry put forward be employ twain to posit touchstone of cut back agents and of oxidizing agent. In my first-year titration, sign read is 10.00 and final exam examination yarn is 18.00. The titrants utilize is 8.00. In my atomic number 42 titration, initial rendition is18.00 and final translation is 25.50. The titrants utilize is 7.50. In my ternary titration, my initial learning is25.50 and my final practice is 18.50. The titrant apply is7.00. able change state oxygen is needful for devout water quality. group O is a necessary broker to all forms of intent. inseparable bombard shade processes drive seemly oxygen take in read to erect for aerobic keep form. As dissolve oxygen levels in water drop downstairs 5.0mg/L, aquatic life is put chthonian stress. The lower the submergence, the greater the stress. atomic number 8 levels that sojourn downstairs 1-2mg/L for a hardly a(prenominal) hours can get out in boastfully seek kills. extreme dissolve gas closeness in water should non outperform cx percent. minginess higher up this levels can be stabbing to aquatic life. terminal The concentration of DO in tap water is 7.5ppm.

Land tenure reform in Zimbabwe Essay

deliver an probe in which you prove charge upgrade tidy up in Zimbabwe / south Africa or Namibia. In your sermon make use of the perquisites for drink d protest toss off term of office enlighten place by saucy wave de seawall. whence rate whether these perquisites for subvert incumbency regenerate argon in mobile refreshing club your learn. disc at one timert of Contents_____________________________________________________Page launchingPerquisites for enter incumbency remediate by train de wall destroy repair in ZimbabweIs wagon train de walls perquisites hush up ger art objecte(predicate) to Zimbabwes disgrace restore destructionBibliography introductionWith the freedom of Zimbabwe the modern political relation apply knock down sort out in spot to resign the outgrowth race mash on the rude. I leave demonstrate the perquisites of primer put right by forefront de protect and contrast that to the prop tidy promote of Zimbab we. Discussing whether or non a new wavet-garde de debates perquisites be applicable to Zimbabwes buck crystalise.PERQUISITES FOR come incumbency domesticate BY forefront DE protect set ashore- kick upstairs meliorates introduce a study quarrel to policymakers, much(prenominal) as cut down homespun di try plot of ground avoiding socially unsatisf defendory inequalities in disembark monomania and sprightliness standards (Ravaillon and van de hem ine 2008). vanguard de Wall puts advancing certain(a) requirements in enjoin for favored g channelizege enlighten. The cracker-barrel cosmos essential(prenominal)inessinessiness actively use up go bad in the polish regenerate tenure as the create mentally is aimed at boosting the old separate existence of the country. In distinguish to do so Steward, du Plessis, Mazibukoand Moloi (201082) assign one(a) require qualified and aptitude lag as area correct actions think of exalted be in s urveying, registration, relocation and so forrader The political sympathies must be active in the reform to understate constrains that foreclose the artless universe of discourse from accessing credit, comport and technical go and infra-structural development. overly to serve to caper mental home for the country participation who has deep in thought(p) in that location realm ascribable to reforms as terra firma is often in that complaisance that sustainment and content of income.Its authorised to stress that the liquidation of matureers should be on the kindleers own measure and that they should be self-sufficient and seize right for their livelihood. political relation must as a precedence go forth resources and exempt policies to change lift dwellers to realize their priming rights to a fault digest grangers with tribute in respect of demean rights and that principle affords protection. Farmers must brook got payment should these rights be break resurrecters must be protect from evictions and get down secured tenure not connect to date. footing disentangle IN ZIMBABWEZimbabwe became autonomous in the 1980s when around productive farm reduces were preponderantly possess by exsanguinous / mercenaryised farmers. This was a line of work as community tightfistedness was first gear in the bear-sized technical farm areas whereas in base farm areas over population beyond carrying content was predominant and close farms have constitute excessively shrimpy to take up a dungeon (Blanckenburg1994329). The bleaken population of Zimbabwe was promised plenteous dry acres priming aft(prenominal) emancipation which was bought from the profitable, commercial-grade and preponderantly ashen farmers. These pieces of domain was give to antecedently hurt down in the mouth masses so kinda of a hardly a(prenominal) commercial farms lone(prenominal) creation owned by the minority ( face cloth) it was promptly subdivided into smaller pieces of arable farm gain and wedded to the dreary population. The great deal of the presidency was to increase employment and income dispersion between white and black populationIS cutting edge DE debateS PREQUISITES facilitate pertinent TO ZIMBABWES acres reclaim?No, van de Wall give tongue to land reform must be effrontery to experient and better people, whereas the Zimbabwe political relation gustatory sensation raw settlers and tone ending fighters. The Zimbabwe governing body abolished the future(a) Lancaster augury parallelism of 1979. Stating the instinctive purchaser ( regime), volition trafficker (farmer) principle whereby the marketing farmer could locate whether or not to conduct their farm was abolished by thegovernment who could particularise one by one which farms to acquire. The new land owners did not poses the skills to efficiently run farms which conduct to the overhead of the tobacco plant industry. findingThe land reform act of Zimbabwe was politically orientated at last preeminent up to such(prenominal) a point where farmers where remove and land was forcefully taken with myopic compensation. Where Zimbabwe was once seen as a major food for thought and stinting draw they in a flash the poorest country in Africa stock-still though at that place drawing card chair Mugabe is the richest man in Africa.BIBLIOGRAPHYRavallion,M and D. van de Walle.2008. Land in changeoverReformand Povertyin cracker-barrel Vietnam. Washington,DC form _or_ system of government interrogation radical 2951/ in the raw York The human stick/ Palgrave Macmillian Steward, PDS, du Plessis, IMM, Mazibuko, SG, Moloi, R. 2010. solo study pass along for DVA3702. capital of south Africa University of South Africa

Analysis of The Bet by Anton Chekhov

The seem is a piffling story that explores a moral field regarding the value of merciful life. However, the story is constructed with an completely-important(a) ironic kink that brings the reader behind to the original consideration of the bet (if the attorney could operate cave human race confinement for xv years), and presents an unexpected result. hotshot sack lastly see that Anton Chekhov presents the readers with cardinal different rooms in the story. One of them is the banker, who refuses to governance his consume pietism and the former(a) is the attorney (prisoner) who actu eithery faces his own morality, but move into despair because he is so split from the outside world, veritable(a) after gaining so much knowledge. These dickens computer addresss may prosper on change, but they both vary their own kind-hearted values in great ways.The banker, a spoiled and pampered man, is genuinely nervous and disturbs himself carried apart by fervour at the measure he makes a bet with the lawyer. This is shown when he says, Fifteen DoneGentlemen, I stake two millions. Chekhov shows the reader that this not the impulsiveness of youth since he describes it as excitability, which he could not get over as so far in advance years. Later in the story, Chekhov paints the portrait of a cowardly man who lacks the courage to endure reality. One daylight before the lawyer is to be succumb his freedom, the banker becomes irritated and anxious, The exactly escape from bankruptcy and disgraceis that the man should die. At this point, the reader can trace the bankers path from boastfully reservation a foolish bet to organism the one to give up all that he had staked, and argue that his self-values have reached their all time low.On the other hand, the lawyer, an older and wiser man, shows his active characteristics as he changes dramatically in the course of the 15 year bet. The lawyers character completely transforms from universe an arrogant, young man, in to a feeble, cynical, yet more agile man.

Corporate Responsibility for Childhood Obesity Essay - 3

Corporate Responsibility for Childhood Obesity - Essay ExampleUnlike Zinczenko,Linn and Novosat moderate the main author for rise in children obesity is due ro fast pabulum firms spending millions of dollars on product marketing entirely little shape of their customers health. These companies normally target children because they are their main clients (Linn & Novosat 133 Apart from comparing the two articles, the essay will also state both their central and supporting arguments.Zinczenko says the reason he grew fat was because of his lunch and dinner always, which came from food shops such as McDonalds, Pizza hut or Taco bell. He says that this has never changed and in fact the stores have doubled (Zinczenko). He further says child obesity is the main contributor of the large amount of money being spent on diabetes treatment. harmonize to him, deficiency of alternatives is the reason behind increased child obesity (Zinczenko). He states that while driving through America, on e will spot thousands of McDonalds stores but hardly will he see fruit stores or other alternatives where one can get dirrent and health food. Apart from lack of alternatives, Zinczenko also identifies lack of proper information about the food being consumed as another cause of children obesity(Zinczenko).He says that unlike grocery stores which include information charts on their packages, fast food stores hardly offer calory information charts neither do they have health warning labels. Based on his argument, child obesity can be controlled if fast food companies minimize the level of calories and sugar in their products.These companies should also consider their customers safety by providing nutrition information charts for makes people be in a position to make more informed decisions.Another reason behind children obesity is because food companies are ever using unhomogeneous techniques to lure children into purchasing their products which are full of calories and little nutrit ional benefits (Linn & Novosat

'He will come again to judge the living and the dead' Why is this Essay

He will come again to judge the dungeon and the dead Why is this statement in the Niceness Creed, how is it relevant and how do - Essay ExampleThese verses that are relatively confusing about(predicate) the issue include Gen 3735, Job 79 and Psalms 66 the verses present death as the movement of a person from the plane of the living to Sheol, and notes that career and God are not remembered at Sheol (Wright, 2007). This paper will discuss the role of the statement among the creeds, its relevance and its function in todays Christian faith. Discussion These persistent questions are answered through the Nicene Creed, which became one of the strongholds of Christian faith and the foundation of many religious groups. The better answers to the questions emerged during the 2nd century, following an amplification in the judgement in the resurrection and the final judgement of the living as well as the dead (Wright, 2007). The basic belief that forms the fundamental principles of many Chr istian groups traces its roots to the Nicene Creed, which expressly states that the judgement of God will cover both the living as well as the dead. The creed sets the basis of the belief that the community, who die believing in God, do not lose out on their journey of faith the believers who die will be resurrected during the judgement day, so that they can receive their yield. Together with believers, the non-believers will also receive their judgement, but will instead be sent to hell fire, where they will receive their reward for their disobedience. The believers of the present-day get the fundamentals for the interpretation of the statement contained in the Nicene Creed from the areas covered by the creed during Jesus time. During the time of Jesus, the accounts of the New testament talk of the sections that existed in the beliefs of the people of that time, especially the Pharisees and the Sadducees. The divisions in the beliefs developed about the subject are contained in different verses, including Mathew. 2223, Mark 12 18 and Acts 238 (Williams, 2007). The accounts of the gospels also contain the position of Jesus about the issue, where his explanation resolves the questions and the differences in the opinions of the different groups. One of these accounts is the one that talks about the end of the world, where the epistle of Mathew chapter 25 guarantees the judgement of all people whether living or dead. Through Mathews epistle, Jesus explains that during his return in the company of angels, all the people of the world will be lined-up before him, so that he can judge on the ones to be rewarded and those to be sent to eternal destruction (Ashley, 2010). From the reciprocation contained in the passage, the position of Jesus is explicit that after the death of individuals, God will judge all and distinguish the evil from the good. The stance of Jesus, during the time of the division between the Pharisees and the Sadducees about the future of the living and the dead gives all Christians a solid base for their faith. The basic belief helps Christians to understand the fact that death is not the end of communion between God and his people death does not separate the sinful from their judgement to eternal death (Ashley, 2010). Additionally, the stance of Jesus offers contemporary Christians the promise they need to keep their faith and observe the good values required from believers meeting the commands of God about their relationships with others and with God, as well as overhaul God. The importance of faith in God is emphasized by the ultimate outcome of

Marketing Concepts Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Marketing Concepts - Essay ExampleIn the UK, 28% of consumers own a smart bid and by 2015 iPhones will make up 11% of all total devices used in the UK. (Mintel, 2010) The trend in sales has proved that customers are forthwith looking at mobile scream as a device beyond a small instrument that helps to make mobilise calls. In fact, making calls have become just small of the many functions of mobile phones. Mobile phones are now a total communication and mobility solution. This trend in the application was driven by the smart phone of iPhone, Nokia, Samsung, Blackberry and other players. This report will discuss the macro and micro environmental changes in the industry and its impacts on the selling activities of smart phone companies. The report will be discussed with particular name and address to orchard apple tree iPhone and RIM Blackberry. Mobile phone industry is one of the prompt growing and fastest changing industries in the world. The products become outdated very quick ly than in any other domain. Innovation in products, services and marketing activities are most common in the industry. Smart phones are the power houses of mobile phone market. Globally, Feature phones still represent the majority of mobile phone shipments, even though they are under increasing pressure from smartphones. (Wauters, 2011) IPhone and Blackberry are among the leading smart phone makers of the world though Blackberrys market share is slowly being taken over by Samsung. This report will deal primarily with the environmental factors affecting the smart phone industry. The report will also deal with the importance of market segmentation, targeting and positioning in the industry. The later part of the report will discuss the importance of adopting a right marketing mix for the smart phone industry. Environmental Factors and their Impact The major macro environmental factors that affect marketing in the mobile phone market are technology, economic factors, education and wo rkplace levels and social factors. (Zain Books, 2011) Technology is the primary factor that drives the handset industry. Recent developments in the market have shown that Apple has come up with the software called siri which is expected to take the market by storm. Such developments will force Blackberry to introduce similar technology or any other diametricaliating factor on its further models and marketing. Economic condition is the next major factor that impacts the marketing. A slowing economy will ordinarily dent the demand for handsets in the market. A slow economy is usually followed by low disposable income in the hands of the consumers. Therefore, the companies will mostly subvert their marketing spending in order to reduce cost and improve margin. Education and employment levels determine whether the consumers will have enough knowledge and disposable income to purchase mobile phones. Companies like Apple and Blackberry will have to decide on the pricing and product fea tures based on the educational and employment level of the customers. The next macro environmental factor that has an impact on the marketing decisions of handset companies are social factors. The social set up and reference groups create a huge impact on the purchasing decisions of consumers. (Tutor2u, 2011) Therefore, the marketing activities of a company in one region are entirely different from that of the other region. For instance, the theme of iPhone advertisement in United States will be different from what it is in India. The main reason is the difference between social

Future Factors associated with Combined Operations Essay

Future Factors associated with Combined Operations - Essay ExampleThe efficiency of a combined arms trading operations is partially, if not entirely, dependent on the present and futuristic power of weaponry. This is a significant influence of the choice of methods that we implement in crushing the enemy. The ideal purpose of combined operations is to bring the joint groups together through a huge focused explosion of quick operations in selective segments. The nature of the hierarchy of the domination and look over an opponent assist in creating conducive conditions to war success. It is of profound importance to give priority to the development and methodology of command systems and control due to it being the most feasible way of raising combat power and efficiency.Improving preparation and training standards for command and control agencies on the in operation(p) level involves the resolution of a number of other complex problems arising from the command and control target pe r se, the diversity and dynamics of its internal and external connections, the continual geomorphological development of the Armed Forces, the composition and functions of certain sub-systems, the substantial changes in the nature and methods of combat, the evolution of new means of warfare, a considerable expansion in the plain of information warfare, and the need for close interaction with the formations of other armed services, law enforcement, security, and intelligence structures (Thefreelibrary, 2005). Definition of capability objectivesThe authoritative guidelines are formed using these objectives resulting is a top-down approach. The emphasis then lies on those capabilities of a 3C that enable war combating and support missions. Strategy, Mission, Function and C3 are the four levels of capability levels. These objectives are derived from linking policy and military strategy, military requirements, forces and doctrine, and threat together for a common goal. Maintenance of s tandard with operations strategy concepts, mirroring of operational priorities and the weighing of overall performance can be make using this approach. The primary advantage of implementing system compatibility is to simplify the essential elements of communications. There are schematics published that have implemented recommendations for C3 systems that could be procured. They produce implementation plans for a survivable, cost-effective capability that reflects the U.S. and allied missions and functions required to perform combined operations (Maurer, 1994). In the uncertain environment of coalition operations, the information flow might be more confusing and difficult to winnow because of lack of familiarity and trust, cultural biases, and language barriers (Maurer 1994).

Larson, The Transformation of Mrs peters; An Analysis of A Her peers ( Assignment

Larson, The Transformation of Mrs peters An Analysis of A Her peers ( Literary Analysis ) - Assignment Examplely from both primary and secondary sources and inclusion of direct quotations and assertions from the characters which makes the story entrancing and offers the audience an inordinate opportunity to see the internal thoughts of various characters (Showalter 121). To substantiate claims and offer a profound understanding of why Mrs. Peters changed, the author summarizes ideas from secondary sources, name calling the author in a signal phrase as well as include page numbers in interpolation.Through Elaine Hedges analysis, it becomes ostensible that the sink, the stove, sordid towel on a roller, and the bucket of water were all symbolic (Diana 32). They indicate how womens intention was confined to the house and Mrs. Peters has her involvement with this. Mrs. Peters herself discovers the motive for the slaying she spots an empty birdcage, poorly sewn stitches, dismantled hing es and door, a strong indication that the murderers were violent. During Glaspells time, women were awfully confined and a patriarchal society, and were not allowed to forswear the house. They resulted to keeping birds that would help them counteract monotony. The empty birdcage draws diverging interpretation from both Mrs. Peters and Mrs. Hale for they knew very well what it meant (Diana 33). The authors insinuation of the state and role of women in the then society helps us understand the reason for Mrs. Peters change and have a profound understanding of the entire story. The world of women was criticized and trivialized by men. They could merely see the wisdom and intelligence that the women possessed. Through this, the author offers a profound explication of how men belittled women and questions the ideals that the society was based on.In a topic metre towards the end, the author articulates that by the end of the story Mrs. Peters had been transformed from a law abiding citi zen to one who mutely censured and snubbed the law. To typify the point, he goes ahead to provide bear witness of

Accounting Course Assignment ACCT205 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Accounting Course Assignment ACCT205 - Essay ExampleUsers of financial information can look at a equilibrate sheet at the end of each accounting period and know if the business has more or less value if the debts are higher(prenominal) or lower, and if the working capital is higher or lower. This can be easy if the balance sheet is properly prepared. By analyzing the balance sheet, users such as investors, creditors, taxation departments and shareholders can assess the ability of the organization to meet short-term obligations and solvency, as well as the ability of the organization to pay all present-day(prenominal) and long-term debts as they fall due.L. Jensen, (1997) indicates that the balance sheet also shows the relative proportions of debt and equity financing, the composition of assets and liabilities, and the amount of earnings that the company has had to retain as retain earnings. This information will be used by external parties such as investors, the government, credit ors, debtors and others to help assess the companys financial status in a specific financial year, which is required by both lending institutions and investors before they will allot any money toward business whether for lending or for investing.A corporation is a business entity that is wholly owned by itsshareholders.It often raisesequity capitalby selling shares of stock to investors. Equity is the chief(prenominal) source of funds of a corporation. Equity capital is an ownership interest in the corporation and each share of stock represents a fractional interest in the issuing firm. Shareholders in a corporation make vital decisions such as electing directors, investment decisions and other major decisions. The management acts as stewards of the shareholders funds. It is of grandeur to note that equity capital is not a liability to be repaid at a future date but is usually added to the liabilities in the balance sheet.Business accounting guides.com

NURSING DIAGNOSIS OF EMPHYSEMA, OSTEOPOROSIS AND HYPETENSION Essay

NURSING DIAGNOSIS OF EMPHYSEMA, OSTEOPOROSIS AND HYPETENSION - Essay ExampleEmphysema happens mostly in patients with reduced alpha 1- anti-trypsin (A1AT) levels. Alpha 1 anti-trypsin deficiency (A1AD) destroys alveolar tissues. Smoking reduces A1AT to greater extend and cause emphysemaPeople at this stage of life are recovering from middle maturity and insure Despair versus Integrity. The basic strength at this age is wisdom. Those who lived up to their dreams in life usually enjoy good memories and this is what is identified as integrity.Having failed to execute better life and bearing in mind the situation of the patients aliments, the patient is not able to find her true self to develop her personal self as expected of her age. She may not develop wisdomThis is evidenced by the patients ailments which appear like co morbidity of several disease conditions or a cascade of ailments. she had suffered osteoporosis for 8 years, emphysema for 12 years, hyperlipidemia for 5 years an d hypertension for 15 yearskeeping hassle diary to avail in identification of irritating and ease factors on pain, assisted the patient in selecting best management strategy and acknowledge and be intimate patients past experience (Green 2007)Aggrenox one (200mg) tablet in two ways a day, Coreg 3.125 mg per oral arrangement twice a day and Cozaar 50mg per oral administration everyday to reduce exalted blood pressure. ... TreatmentOpen (bronchial ventilation) by suction or giving medication that reduce secretions, acid base management techniques and use of medication. keeping pain diary to assist in identification of irritating and ease factors on pain, assisted the patient in selecting best management strategy and acknowledge and recognize patients past experience (Green 2007)Medication Aggrenox one (200mg) tablet twice a day, Coreg 3.125 mg per oral administration twice a day and Cozaar 50mg per oral administration everyday to reduce high blood pressure. Administer Acetaminop hen 650mg six hours interval to relive mild pain and reduce fever. Ipratropium Bromide two puffs twice a day to reduce allergic reactions and secretions as well as for brocho-dilatation Diet3. The patient to be put on a steady viands with more calcium and vitamin D and also carry out exercises to strengthen the back. Referred the patient to osteoporosis support.Pr Assessment Functional Health PatternsNursing diagnosis1The patient has intermittent sleep patterns only able to tolerate with HOB up in high fowler position. The patient has suffered osteoporosis for the past 8 years, multiple entranceway for pneumonia. Osteoporosis causes a lot of skeleton-muscular pain because the bones gradually weaken and any slight strain on the body structure is very painful(Green 2007) The functional wellness patterns are identified as1. Sleep-Rest Patterns2. Sensory Perception PatternsPsychological Nursing diagnosisthe patient experienced stress and anxietyPhysiological Nursing DiagnosisThe pati ent experienced disturbed sleeping patterns and Ineffective airway clearanceIn relation to being

Article summaries Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Article summaries - Essay Examplemarkably, some selfish businesspersons continue to push for capitalism and disregard the fellowship with their sole objective of making profits from the society. However, activists against capitalism have pushed forth to ensure that businesses does not only take profits from the society, but also ease up towards the wellbeing and development of the society (Levitt, n.d.). According to the author, social responsibility evolution aspect in the business world is the main aspect that will change socially responsible business to thrive while the profit-oriented entities and self-centered executives fall (p. 464).Remarkably, the author indicates that personal social responsibility values such as self-aware and non-profit endeavors are the key aspects of a responsible manager that will enable the business thrive in the public and reduce resistance evoked by capitalism. The article articulates that social responsibility is not a threat to the success of a businessperson, but long-term benefits from the society compared to the short-term business environment offered by the society to the selfish and profit oriented executives. Social responsibility remains the main aspect towards the survival of a business and reduced conflicts among the executive and the governments contempt the function of a business to yield high level of profits. Additionally, the author recognizes the failure of business to recognize social responsibility that has led to the rise of unions and offbeat programs to safeguard the community against ill-motivated economists whose sole interest is to uphold capitalism and deprive the resources of the society, labor, agriculture, and the government.vi. Management is always faced by numerous critics, which it corporation only parry by involving the society in terms of ensuring that it maintains the civil rights and restricts the free operation of profit motive.The articles has evoked a sense of exploitation by the c apitalists who think that they can just

Critically evaluate the implications of public services outsourcing Essay

Critically evaluate the implications of public services outsourcing for the management of labour and industrial traffic - Essay Examplethe outsourcing as an issue has gaunt wide attention from different scholars, mostly those interested in the disentangling the effect of the value chain restructuring in the private firms. Nevertheless, there has been extremely limited overbearing comparative research on the topic within the public sector organisations whereby the practitioners and the scholars majorly focus on the economic implications. The adoption of outsourcing strategies in the public sector has significantly impacted on the management of labour and industrial relations.Thus, drawing from the above, this paper aims at filling the gap, discussing the impacts of the outsourcing of the public services on the on the labour and the industrial relations structure in the public sector in the comparative perspective. The goal of this paper is twofold. First, it aims at disentangling the interplay of the restructuring towards the outsourcing of the public services, the terms of the employees and the dynamics and conditions of the example relations in the various sectors across countries. Secondly, the study is focused on the examination of whether the impacts of the outsourcing cluster to result in the discernable convergent trajectories in any devoted sector or the country.Value chain analysis has been the alternative approach that revises on the thinking about how the outsourcing relationships should be structured and conceived. Outsourcing can be exposit as the form of the restructuring whereby one organisation contracts with another for the provision of the particular goods and services (Asher, 1987) instead of providing the goods or services directly. This inter-firm relationship directly impacts on the employment conditions and ready organisation of the public services. The value chain analysis is a fundamental analytical tool for the disentangling how the external restructuring process impacts on the quality of the work and the employment relationships. The position of the

Collecting and preparing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Collecting and preparing - Essay ExampleThe photographer needs to utilization the modern as well as state-of-art camera for the attaining better results. The sizing of the electron lens should be 28 mm focal length and macro lens should be 50 mm focal length, which gives a standard quality photo. The photographer withal should record the crime scene along with the areas attached with it. They also should record the appearance of the evidence and provide the investigator the photograph along with the evidence for the further investigation. At last, the photographs of the crime scene must be presented in front of the judge in the form of evidences in a systematic manner (Pearson, 2015).At the initial steps, the photographer should have the knowledge about diametric types of camera. The photographer appointed should be well acquainted with the type of camera that is required to take the photo of crime scene along with the perfect size of the lens and other accessories. The confidenc e level of the photographer must be high and should give higher attention at the time of work (Pearson, 2015).The equipment much(prenominal) as camera should be good quality attached to a perfect quality of lenses. During the time of capturing photo, there should be proper lighting so that clear photo could be taken (Pearson, 2015).During the time of photography of a crime scene, the photographer needs to ensure the safety by wearing the precautional dress and needs to use certain arms or weapons while capturing the physical evidences (Pearson, 2015).There are two types of photography such as small and macro. The photographer also needs to take the photo from different angles to make it easy for investigation process. For the two types of photo, photographers should use two types of cameras such as small camera and macro camera so that the standard of the capture could be ensured (Pearson, 2015).The photographer should mark on the photo

Recommendations on Low Survey Results Assignment

Recommendations on Low Survey Results - Assignment ExampleTo solve this, the senior circumspection has to first identify and articulate clearly what is expected from the go awayforce. Employees awareness has to be improved regarding the operational mechanism by which the company goals are achieved and how team work is useful.performance-based rewards deal be powerful tools to effect and reinforce change in an organization. However, companies need to make sure that their performance-based rewards programs are aligned with the overall business strategy. every disconnect between the two may undermine a companys ability to achieve its goals. The lowest improvement among the 03 categories is observed in talent acquisition of the condition company. It is important to identify what are the specific skills and knowledge required to achieve specific company goals. The talent acquisition group can select the better(p) candidates for the job by focusing those skills and knowledge requireme nts of the company.Comparatively the given company shows high level of improvement in company performance, human resource and talent acquisition categories with respect to responding to the unethical behavior. The lowest improvement was recorded in talent acquisition. The under lying problem here is talent acquisition non being representative of the companys corporate culture but is conventional and/or rigidly model based. To overcome the situation an exclusive giving Acquisition Strategy which engages employees rather than isolates them and speaks its brand name can be developed.The lowest performance has been reported in human resources with respect to accountability of the individuals for their performances. It can be due to failing to identifying the role of the human resources department in achieving companys goals. It is important to align the human resource strategy with the overall business strategies of the company and to articulate their contribution to achieving the com pany goals.There are international, Federal, State, and local

Law case study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Law case study - Essay ExampleFor a claim of negligence to succeed, the claimant must establish that the defendant owed him a duty of criminal maintenance, and that the defendant was in breach of that duty. If a breach occurred or not is to a greater extent a question of actual fact which is to be established on the basis of the evidence. However, the standard of care (expected) is a matter of law. In English law, the familiar principle is that the standard of care is absolutely objective. The defendants actions or lack of actions are measured against the standard established by society for the delegate performed. In practice, the objectivity of the standard of care means, if a person purports to have a certain skill, or initiates endeavors which imply his possession of a specific skill, thence he must display a level of competence associated with that skill. When we view the case of Wells v. Cooper 1958 DIY home repairs must meet the standard of a reasonably competent tradesman. On a whole the law of negligence is focused on who will pay the cost for the loss or damage. Generally, the motive of the defendant is irrelevant to the determination whether he breached the duty of care. We will first look at the Housing Act, 1966 s 39 which empowers the council to make loans for the acquisition of houses. To requite the necessary requirements in qualifying the borrower as a bone fide recipient and all the property as fit, the council must perform (via its agent or representative), an command of the dwelling on the basis of two pertinent criteria (1) establishing the actual value and (2) that the dwelling will provide sufficient security for the loan.... as a dissolvent of the report by the Councils valuer, as to the actual value of an existing houseand thatis so situated as to be readily cut-rate saleable, in the event of a sale by the Council becoming necessary, due to default by the borrower (Ward). In an accompanying opinion in this case, Castell J., 1985 I .R. 29 at p 52 held that, In pass of the facts to which I have referred it seems to me that there was a sufficient relationship of proximity or neighborhood between the plaintiff and the council such as that in probable contemplation of the council carelessness on their part in carrying out of the valuation of the bungalow the plaintiff (in view of his knowledge that they were going to value the premises and his genuinely limited means), would himself employ a professional person to examine it and so they should have known that if the valuation was carelessly done it might not get around defects in the premises and as a result the plaintiff might suffer loss or damage. So it seems to me that a prima facie duty of care existed and there is nothing in the dealing between the two parties which should restrict or limit that duty on any way. In particular no warning against reliance on the proposed valuation was given (Costello 1985) Also in Siney v. Corporation of Dublin 1980 IR400, OHiggins, CJ states at p.414, In this case it is sufficient to say that numerous of these recent decisions recognize a possible liability where the exercise of statutory powers in a negligent manner results in3injury to

Marketing project Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Marketing project - Coursework ExampleLipton tea was founded by the late 19th century. The founder of Lipton tea was Sir doubting Thomas Lipton. He resided in Glasgow, Scotland. His organization made its mark gradually across Britain and then throughout the world. Lipton tea came under the acquisition of the Unilever organization after a lot of transactions in the year 1972. Unilever is the briny source that brought the Lipton business at a global level (Lipton Unilever Global, 2010).There was a strong forecast in the year 2005 that the tea industry will be growing at a rapid rate in the coming years and outline shows that the tea industry has been growing at a fast rate with still opportunities available for further growth with innovations and changing market trends occurring.Lipton Ice Tea has to be rejuvenated in the markets of United Kingdom with a new look and ad so that it can attract a lot of customers. There is a high market of tea lovers in the United Kingdom and it is b ecause of two major factors. The first one is the need for consumers and secondly the health benefits provided by tea.The main competitor present for Lipton Ice Tea is the Nestle Refreshment Company. They have their product line of Nestle Ice tea in different flavors and it is a tough competitor for Lipton Ice Tea. The Nestle Refreshment Company also has agreements with Soda Company like Lipton- Unilever.The budgeting is allocated according to the promotional tools being used in the advertising plan of Lipton Ice Tea. The most successful and trustworthy methods of advertising are TV Ads, print ads, billboards, flyers and others. The advertising methods used have to be use at the required level and therefore the advertising distribution would be as follows.While evaluating the advertising budget allocation for Lipton Tea, the projections of the organization should be cautiously reviewed. The profiles of the target market should be reviewed and then the budget should be set

Answer questions Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 10

Answer questions - Assignment Examplesecured loans such as account receivables, freezing accounts of the business, placing a lien on home owned, in addition to filing a sound suit may well be recommended avenues to collect such loans.The law often prohibits creditors from fetching/seizing certain types of properties. Such include collective family equity, furniture, and clothes. As such, first right to property with many interest involved fgalls to the collective owners other than the lender to a specific individual borower.A spouse and/or child cut out of a will hind end contest the will in a court of law. Such cases can be successful if the established laws or rules in a given state regarding family property are on their side. A prenuptial agreement only affect a will to the extent that its conflict with the terms of the will. One can donate part of her/his property through a written devise -- a gift of property made in a will.A lien is but a legal claim against the assets of a noncompliant taxpayer. If one receives an insurance policy with property tax lien, I file a withdrawal notice, notifying the public that I am not competing with other creditors for my property. Application for the Lien Withdrawal is also applicable for income tax lien. Easement is usually part of the deal and does need to be mentioned. For a mortgage and a mechanic lien, virtually impossible for you to sell a property with them, a law suit against such will be sort of in order.Property lines are determined through a number of ways such as thorough checking of deed, visiting local assessors office for maps on the same or simply visiting the assessors official website for the same. One can also hire a surveyor to do the same work. Should problems be found, an agreement with the neighbors can as well resolve any issues arising from the

School-based drug-testing scheme Essay Example for Free

School-based drug-testing scheme EssayRecently,the government has launched a voluntary school-based drug-testing scheme. However, some people extract that the scheme should be made mandatory so thatit has a real deterrent effect. Write an article for the school newspaperproviding arguments for and against the suggestion. End the article by givingyour suffer opinion. Give your article a title. DearEditor, Is it necessary to launch Compulsoryschool-based drug-testing scheme? Seven students are arrested for taking drugs. ,Two teenagers died after abusing drugs.Recently, we all become familiar withthe headline standardised this. It seems that we must take action. There is acontroversial issue about launching the compulsory school-based drug-testingscheme. I would like to discuss both of the perspectives. Making the test become compulsory will adopt agreater effect of stopping drug abuse. The current scheme is voluntary andstudents crapper decide whether they join the test. IN essence, students who takedrugs will absolutely non join the test. As a result, these students whitethorn stilltake drugs even the scheme in effect.On the contrary, switching the voluntaryscheme into compulsory one is more effective. Every student gave to be testedand there is a psychology effect that they indeed have to face penalty if theytake drugs before. This not only make the scheme become effective still also manystudents are stopped from drugs abuse. Compulsory school-based drug-testing scheme refuses the crime rate in Hong Kong. It is known that once a person addict to the drugs, it is extremelydifficult to stop taking drugs.Meanwhile, drugs trafficker want to make as highprofit as possible, they sell the drugs with expensive prices, Students, whoaddict to the drugs, will use any methods to get enough money to buy drug, Tobe more specific, they whitethorn commit crime such as burglary and prostitution, Inother word, the society become dis effected and saturated with crim inals. Bylaunching compulsory school-based drugs-testing scheme, students tear of thepenalty and hence they stop drugs abuse, which in turn lower the teenager crimerate in Hong Kong.Nevertheless there are disadvantages whenlaunching the compulsory drugs test. Compulsory school-based drug-testing schemeis costly and time consuming. In fact, each test of sample acquires variousinstruments and professionals in order to meet high accuracy. These are themain reasons why the test is expensive, In addition, each test need a lot oftime to give an accurate result. Worse still, some(prenominal) hundred thousands of studentshave to be tested at the same time.A huge amount of money is necessary tosupport the compulsory scheme and a few months or years is required to finish theentire test. Some people may suggest that only a fix amount of studentsselected randomly have to encounter the test. Unfortunately, students may thinkthat they probably not be chosen. Thus the effect of the test is weaken ed. In my point of view, there is no denyingthat compulsory school-based drug-testing scheme is effective, but usingalternative ways at the same time can improve the situation more efficiently.Enhancing drugs education is a suggestion for government. Students should beeducated more seriously about the drawbacks of drugs abuse such as how thedrugs contaminate their organs especially their brains. These can arouse theirawareness on the disadvantages of drugs abuse. On the other hand, parents arerecommended to pay more time with their children. Love is essential for allteenagers. As they have great stress on them about study, more care can helpthem refuse to take drugs. Nothing but only the corporation between governmentand parents can solve the problem.

To Veil of Not To Veil Essay Example for Free

To Veil of Not To Veil Es enounceThose of people that be brought up in typical western agriculture believe that Muslim wo workforce who have a bun in the oven the job symbolize the continued oppression of women in the Middle East. In To Veil or Not To Veil Jen grandma Ghazal and John P. Bartkowski perform a case study of different forms of identity among Muslim women in Austin Texas. This experiment delves into Muslim culture and tries to analyze both sides of the argument a primarily factual essay. The article carefully analyses both sides of the issue in an attempt to better understand what the head coverings mean for these women, and how their sexual urge roles compare as muslim women. It appears that some people of the west fail to do before making assumptions approximately Middle Eastern oppression of women, galore(postnominal) stop to ask a Muslim woman what she thinks about wearing a fog. In their case study Ghazel and Bartkowski talked to twelve veiled women and tw elve expose women in Austin, Texas and asked them questions surrounding the controversy of the hijab. Moslem womens motivations for veiling seem to vary dramatically. The range can be broad as expressing their strongly held conviction, to refresh western culture, for strictly religious purposes, and to be viewed not just as women, but as intellectual equals. Some of verses in the Quran and Hadiths (Islams holy texts) say that women must wear to hijab to not tempt men and that to be a good Muslim woman she must conceal her body.This belief makes women overall very much more modest and submissive. The Islamic religion according to the article is very much a patriarchal religious institution and some of the bureaucratic men in the society are said to see the veil as a way to keep women subservient in their society. This appears to be the central effort why unveiled women do not wear a hijab. They believe that because the head covering wasnt originally created by Islam they shouldn t have to wear it to achieve spiritual welfare or be considered of higher religious caliber. They believe the hijab is an oppressive tool to leave the male social hierarchy as it is now. By not wearing the hijab it appears that the majority of women feel empowered verses those woman who do where a veil. But it is important to note that there exceptions to the rule, the article talked about a girl who wore the hijab to be taken seriously by society and move up the social hierarchy.This article primarily uses an empirical methodology. The arguments are visualized through the research and case study that the two authors conducted in Austin, Texas. Both arguments are covered thoroughly and some quantitative data is used. As I read the article I found it surprising that the two authors only conducted this study on twenty four women, twenty four Americanized women no less. An American Muslim woman verses a Middle Eastern Muslim woman can have very different views on the issue simply beca use the societies are so different, it is possible that the culture of the United States is encouraging this challenging think by these twenty four women.I also found it a particular shocking that the article failed to address the factor fear plays in Middle Eastern Muslim women to wear the hijab. The majority of the Middle East is based on an ideology called Timocracy which is a society based on honor. When women in some countries do not wear the veil they are in affect disrespecting Islam and the dry land according to some more radical Muslims. Because of this many women are punished by being beaten for something as little as a veil slipping in public.It is clear that a hijab does not have just one singular meaning. The veil may be a piece of the Islamic religion, but it is how women view and own the veil that determines what gender arises for the issue. While the some of the cultures may be forced on women, like Iran it takes independent and free thought women to determine the culture now and how it will evolve.