The Fight Against Boxing Essays - Boxing, Combat Sports,

The Fight Against Boxing The Unworthy Fight Against Fighting The entertaining sport of boxing, an athletic event consisting of numerous health conflictions, has been receiving some heat from legal and medical advocates, yet ?Some of the qualities that have open boxing to attack have, at the same time, been its salvation?(Sammons 235). Boxing, which has been in existence and evolved from other forms of fighting longer than this country has been established, is a skill, talent, an ambition, and for most professional fighters, a love. Professional boxing, like virtually any physical recreation, is performed so that there are health risks, yet it is the athletes right to decide their personal levels of danger. Indeed, boxing discloses America's disposition towards tradition. During the United States' brief history, Americans have consistently managed to acquire cultural, social, political, and intellectual institutions from England, leaving no surprise to why the modern controversial sport of boxing, or prizefighting, traveled over sea to America. This high-demanding sporting event definitely must be one of the ultimate exceptions of our time. The 1820s and 1830s were marked by increased urbanization and industrialization, which stimulated a need for new and accessible diversions. The mood of society at large was captured in Beyond the Ring with this classic line, ?Men, women, and children who cannot live on gravity alone, need something to satisfy their lighter moods and hours?(4). Leisure's and, more importantly, boxing's opponents lost further ground as the giant cities attracted more and more immigrants who were unfamiliar to limitations upon amusements and games. As Jeffrey Sammons so concisely explains, ?It is because of, rather than despite, its contradictions that boxing has survived?(236). While a number of health and medical advocates have attempted to reform and/or abolish the sport since the early nineteen eighties because of brutality and death, these adversaries have also served as proof of manhood. The problem has slowly evolved from a national to an international conflict. An increased death and brain damage rate triggered this worthless action towards the removal of professional boxing. This was just temporary. Slight changes within league rules, such as weight class regulations and softening of boxing gloves, soon decreased the already low health-damaging rates back to legal standards. Anybody who believes that there should be a complete elimination of the sport really needs to put things in perspective. In terms of numbers, I am almost one-hundred percent certain that the number of deaths caused in other sports is much higher. Consider the high-intensity and extremely tragic catastrophes seen in motor sports alone. Not to mention air sports, mountain and rock climbing, and the handful of ball games. The intervention of our own personal risk and danger is our own liberty. On the other hand, I certainly agree we have to prevent people from taking risks that they are ignorant about. There are numerous other areas where consenting adults take risks and harm each other, such as smoking or drinking alcohol. Where are the people arguing for their criminalization? In much similarity to other illegal industries such as hardcore pornography and the never ending war on drug dealing and drug use, a ban on boxing would force it to go underground, making it more dangerous, much like the new hit blockbuster movie, Fight Club, a classic display of our true human instincts. ?Boxing is not so much a sport, not merely a game as it is, like drama itself, a way of life?(Oates & Halpern, 259). Besides, the demand for professional boxing in the Unites States is up there with the other sport elites. The boxing industry is one of the highest revenue making sports that exists today. What would a ban do to the tourist industry for urban cities like Las Vegas or Atlantic City? Some of the greatest athletes this planet has seen in the twentieth century have come from the sport of boxing. Let's just think of Muhammad Ali, George Foreman, Joe Frazier and Sugar Ray Robinson. There can be little doubt that the desire for monetary gain, fame, and enhanced social status have motivated many a young man to enter the prizefightnig ring. It has been a sterotype that all prizefighters have low socioeconomic backround and little education, or unuseful work skills. I believe that if I had the stereotypical low social status and the talent, skill, and ambition of a prizefighter, of course I would walk through the door that is shedding a dim yet only light of possible success. Despite the feasibility of fame and wealth, middle and upper class men ?don't mind professional baseball and football, but

Sociology Reflection Paper

Sociology Reflection Paper The sociology of religion is the study of how different sets of people in religious groups interact and how their behavior is influenced by these interactions. People’s religious practices, norms and behavior are influenced by interactions they have with each other in their religious groups.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Sociology Reflection Paper specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Religion is a collective set of beliefs and practices with a spiritual foundation meant to influence people’s perceptions and behaviors. People who share similar religious ideals have collective behavior which identifies them as followers of that specific religious group. They have strong ties to fellow devotees in their religious groups. These beliefs strengthen people’s adherence to religious doctrines which define the essence of a religion. Followers of a religious group have common ways of interaction which bind th em together. They are required to perform specific roles which determine their status and power in their religious groups. They have faith in religious teachings which are strongly emphasized as sacred. Religions has a set of beliefs and practices which all members need to adhere to. Followers of different religions have to be familiar with sacred texts which spell out beliefs and their relevance. They need to satisfy various expectations by performing religious rituals and other activities which have a lot of spiritual symbolism. Members of a particular religious group are socialized to treasure various moral codes of conduct in their lives. By fulfilling moral objectives, members satisfy important tenets of their religion. The sacred aspects of religion make people interpret extra ordinary experiences differently. Any extra ordinary event is associated with a revered form of supernatural power or deity.They believe that a supernatural power guides their lives and as such, they nee d to reciprocate by devoting by their lives to the religious order they believe in. Religious sociology is important because it helps people understand the value of religion in their lives. This makes one understand the essence of religion and how it shapes human character, identity and personality. People devote their thoughts and emotions to their religion for various reasons. Therefore, this helps one understand how religion binds members of a particular society to enable them have collective practices and beliefs. People are able to understand the relationship they have with their religion and how this contributes to their existence. They are able to look at various rituals, practices and teachings rationally. This helps them understand how these religious tenets build their faith. The sociology of religion makes one to look critically at religious rituals which bind him or her with other devotees. The devotee is able to understand how these interactions shape their personality and behavior.Advertising Looking for essay on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This subject helps a person understand the moral implications he needs to satisfy as stipulated by his or her religion. Therefore, this models an individual’s behavior to conform to acceptable societal norms and standards of behavior. Religious affiliation makes people more aware of their identity and the roles they are supposed to play within a given society. Interactions people have with each other in a particular religious group gives them a sense of belonging and identity. General beliefs which bind people within various religious groups help them focus on life and what they seek to achieve out of it. Sacred texts enable believers interpret the teachings contained therein and apply them in their own lives. Sacred texts reassure people to be more righteous in what they do to reduce their pre-occupation with materi al objects. The Rational Choice Theory argues that people are motivated by their own self interests before they choose to perform certain actions. Therefore, natural human behavior inclines people to engage in activities which have material or psychological benefits. The theory argues that people who choose to observe religious doctrines are motivated by their own individual needs. They expect to benefit from their devotion to religion by improvements in their personal welfare. This theory argues that people are rational beings who only engage in an action after assessing benefits they stand to gain. Individual human actions determine how people in a group interact with each other. Different life experiences shape human behavior and they impact on choices people make. Therefore, people make personal religious decisions based on their past experiences after assessing how these choices will work for them. This theory asserts that people opt for religious choices which give them person al satisfaction. They evaluate results they intend to achieve and come up with ways to attain them. The theory argues that human behavior is planned and this makes every individual calculate rewards and losses likely to be experienced before engaging in a particular action. People prefer to engage in actions that are naturally rewarding over those that punish them. Therefore, they are willing to devote themselves to religion to gain protection, consolation and future promises of personal prosperity. Human consciousness drives them into religion to gain recognition, status, social connections and money. This is made possible by interactions they have with other devotees who have similar aspirations. Therefore, by being active in religion, devotees achieve their own personal interests.

Companys Rights To Prohibit Employees From Smoking Off The Job Essay

Companys Rights To Prohibit Employees From Smoking Off The Job - Essay Example Employees are often charged high insurance premiums that might also act as a motivator for refraining from smoking (Hill, 2006, pp.1-3). Ban in smoking through laws has been found to reduce the passive smoking to a great extent. Improvement in health conditions of such employees has been obtained. The support for such bans has shown to increase (Callinan, Clarke, Doherty & Kelleher, 2010, p.2). A change in the smoking behavior is likely when workplaces bring in limitations on smoking. Employees tend to smoke less and many employees may even quit smoking. Smokers who truly try to quit smoking have actually been found to be more successful than others (Burns, Shanks, Major, Gower & Shopland, n.d., p.104). Prohibiting smoking within organizations is necessary and hence supportive to my views. It can be understood that people who do not smoke would suffer from passive smoking if others smoke within an office. Particularly since an organization is a closed area, it would be more suffering for the non-smokers. Hence smoking needs to be prohibited within the working areas. Moreover, if employees are not allowed to smoke in their workplaces, this might gradually help them to lessen their habits of smoking which is undeniably better for their health. Thus, considering both the issues of the smokers’ health as well as the sufferings of non-smokers from passive smoking, it seems to me that prohibition of smoking in workplaces should be highly supported and followed in all organizations. The Cons: If the case of Ford Meter Box can be considered there are two issues that arise- one being the issue of freedom, and the other being the issue of privacy. The ban in smoking creates personal issue by impeding the freedom of an employee. The private issue arises when the employee needs to give a nicotine test. Whether a company can intrude into the privacy of an employee raises matters of serious concern. Arguments in support of Ford may find the cost factors significant enough to conduct such tests (Hooker, 2003, pp.11-12). The greater problems arise when companies try to regulate the smoking of their employees even at their residences. For example, â€Å"in Indiana, an employee was fired because she smoked cigarettes in her own home† (ACLU Briefing Paper Number 12, n.d.). Several federal and state laws exist that protect the rights of the employees

Answering Questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

Answering Questions - Essay Example d activities are focused on is the construction of its social infrastructure, which proves their substantial degree of uncomplicatedness, and willingness to restrain from persecution; therefore, long-term survival. In most Arab countries, the brotherhood has integrated into political institutions. In the western countries, it has established itself in local Muslim communities by setting up Mosques, banks, Islam facilities, and educational and social institutions (MAITIC 6-8). Contemporary Shiites have a common form of Shi’ism that they adhere to; Twelver Shi’ism or the Imami. This belief is from the origins of Shi’ism which believed in the fundamental teaching that the Muslim Community’s rightful rulers were from a series of twelve Imams. This began with Ali ibn Abu Talib. This belief is continued to date. Shi’ism has continued to become the function of Iran’s politics based on the above ideology. Shi’ism has, however, discontinued in some of its institutions and traditions, as they are changed and determined by descendants who may not have what it takes to run the institutions, and guide the traditions properly (Fradkin). Earlier jihadist groups fought to conquer specific regions for both material and religious reaons. Jihadist groups fought to protect, to revenge, and to gain material wealth. They struggled to protect Islam, and against those who did not believe in Islamic God. Al Qaida also struggles against those who do not believe in Islamic God, but through a different way. Al Qaida are terrorists, and fight to achieve their aim through terror attacks. Earlier jihadists involved themselves in battles. The difference is in the ideology of battle and methods of struggles (Rabasa et al 9). Both the Sunni Islamist and Shia Islamists understanding of Jihad is the same. Both groups of Islamists consider Jihad as a holy war. Sunni Islamists believe that they should wage a holy war against the Shia Islamists who give honor to Mohammad’s descendants

Historical Influence of Soccer in Africa Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Historical Influence of Soccer in Africa - Essay Example Football in Africa today is a game of skill, violence and ebullient spontaneity. The richness of the talent has not been watched by the administrative expertise to bring it to full fruition. Africa has to overcome poverty of natural resources but instead of falling into despair the young African children of Africa turn to soccer as their way out in some cases. will establish an instant connection. Soccer in Africa is followed passionately all over. One could easily establish when football is being played. This is through a country becoming into a standstill when soccer is being played. The development of soccer in Africa has been enhanced in the recent past. Boys and young girls no longer stay idle in their leisure time. Everywhere you go in Africa be it Morocco, South Africa, Nigeria, Congo, Kenya e.t.c. you will find young boys and girls kicking around a football.2 Sometimes the ball will be made of plastic bags with strings wrapped around it. Sometimes it will be made of crumpled up paper. As long as it can be kicked, there will be a game.3 After 1960's soccer in Africa has developed greatly. However, it is yet to reach the level of the game in Europe and Latin America. To speed up its development, Confederation of African Football (CAF) was formed to spearhead and manage soccer in Africa. Under CAF, Africa Cup of nations was started. This is a league that brings together all African countries in finals for African Cup of Nations qualifiers. This league was started in 1957 and it has gone through various stages to be where it is today. Confederation of African football CAF) was founded in 1956 and immediately began making plans for a continental championship tournament. Four teams were expected to play in the first tournament, hosted by Sudan in February of 1957. However, South ______________________ 2. Ibid 3. www.cafonline.com. Africa which was expected to play was excluded because of its apartheid government wouldn't send a multi-racial team, so it came down to just three, that is Egypt, Ethiopia and the host Sudan. Since then, the field for the African Cup of nations has gradually increased to four. Six, eight, twelve and presently fifteen teams. Originally the tournament was to be played in odd numbered years. However, the 1961 event was postponed to 1962, resulting in championships in consecutive years, and the 1967 also had moved back a year. Since 1968, the tournament has been played biennially, in even-numbered years. Besides the African Cup of nations, there are other leagues which are played under the confederation of African Football. These tournaments are as follows:- The African Youth Championship: this is the main international football competition for confederation of African football. This football competition is played by under 20 years old players. The competition is played with the top four teams qualifying for the FIFA World Youth championship. Until 1989 the African representatives were determined purely on a qualifying basis with no African title on the line. Since 1991, there has been qualifying stage followed by a final

Commitment to Students and Student Learning

Commitment to Students and Student Learning 1. Commitment to Students and Student Learning: The OCT members are dedicated to demonstrating care, showing empathy and passion to students They are committed to students by striving to understand each student and his needs and his abilities which inform the teaching planning. They also promote diversity inside and outside the classroom to reinforce positive learning Members show respect and equitably to students to enhance learning by provide enabling environment where students feel valued, free to share ideas and contributions. Members encourage students to make choice and have access in the classroom which is vital to modeling fairness and equity They facilitate students growth by striving to improve learning facilities and classroom environment. Members identify students interest and their strengths in order to help them develop their learning Members are sensitive to the needs of students by knowing what to promote in students, skills they need to use and how to motivate students learning using differentiated instructions. Students are able to use their skills to contribute to the development of the communities. 2. Professional Knowledge Descriptors: Striving and to be current: It is very important for OCT member to update their professional knowledge and stay current in their practice. There are so many on training programs through the Board or the Ontario College which are eligible to members for them to upgrade their knowledge. When teachers are current knowledge, it improves their practice and they can easily provide first hand information to their student. Understanding and reflecting students development, learning theory, pedagogy, curriculum, ethics, educational research and related policies and legislation: This involve that the teacher must a better understanding of his subject, learning theory, pedagogy, curriculum, professional ethics, educational research and related policies and legislation. The teacher must also understand the student as a whole person with abilities, weaknesses, strengths, perspectives and specific needs. It is essential for a teacher to reflect on a students learning development and identify how to improve development. 3. Professional Practice Descriptors: Application of professional knowledge and experience: Teachers are expected to apply their professional knowledge to teaching practice by mastering the curriculum and pedagogy to promote students learning, professional knowledge is very vital and it is the back bone of teaching. Also an adage says experience is the best teacher the more experienced a teacher is the better he is able to apply a professional experience to different situations that promote positive learning. Appropriate planning and method: It necessary for every teacher in a professional practice to enhance student learning by using the appropriate pedagogy, carry out assessment and evaluation, use various resources and technology to meet the learning needs of every child. Response to individual needs: In professional practice teachers need to understand each student and their individual learning needs, this will assist the teacher to respond to the needs of the student by using various professional teaching method and planning to meet that needs. . Refine professional practice: All teachers should be reflective practitioners. It is mandatory for all members to improve on their professional practice through on going inquiry, dialogue and reflection. This will assist teachers to discover new ways of doing things better. 4. Leadership in Learning Communities Descriptors: Creation of collaborative and supportive learning communities: Teachers should collectively work together as a team to undertake activities that will support students learning. They should also work together with parents to provide support for learning community. They should reflect on their activities in order to improve students performance. Shared responsibility and leadership role: Members should understand the vision of the school and their responsibilities into making it effective , however, they should not only be involved in the process of developing shared vision but make is a responsibility to use the vision as a guide post in making decision about teaching and learning in the school. Maintain and uphold ethical standard: Teachers should continue to show integrity, trust in learning communities. They should maintain the moral principles of professional ethics by which they set themselves as role model to students, parents and the community in general 5. Ongoing Professional Learning Descriptors: Commitment to professional learning: Ongoing professional training is an effective tool in discharging teaching practice and improving students learning. Teacher should continue to develop their professional knowledge by reading, carrying out research and reflect on experience. Identify interesting/controversial phrases in each of domain. 1. Commitment to student and student learning Dedicated in their care and commitment to student learning interesting 2. Professional Knowledge. Strive to be current and recognize its relationship to practice 3. Professional Practice Refine their professional practice Apply professional knowledge and experience 4. Leadership in Learning Communities Promote and participate in the creation of collective, safe and supportive learning communities controversial 5. Ongoing Professional Learning Recognize that a commitment to ongoing professional learning is integral to effective practice and to student learning interesting

Camus: On and In Action :: Camus Essays

Camus: On and In Action ABSTRACT:In this paper I wish to examine the position of Camus regarding social change, namely his concepts of rebellion and revolution. I in no way question his well-deserved status as a major twentieth-century French writer, nor do I wish to suggest that he may have been someone caught in a Sartrean notion of 'bad faith.' I am concerned with what one might call his theory of social action. I do wish to assert that Camus was a good man who seriously wrestled with the events of his time. Yet his claims on behalf of suffering humanity, while honest, are not sufficient when faced with complex social issues. That his move toward the right that today might well be taken for a supposed liberalism was undoubtedly bound up with his continued misunderstanding of the dialectic of history. A Series of Critical Observations Camus continually stresses the break from Christianity (God is dead—the world is without order) whether in speaking of the French Revolution or what he calls the new absolutism of the communist revolution. In the first case there is a degree of confusion on the issue when speaking of Rousseau, St. Just, and the divine right monarchies. Camus obviously holds to one traditional view of the king as God's representative on earth and from this lays the groundwork for his future project. I would like to suggest that there are at least two alternate interpretations of divine right monarchy that vie for our attention. First, there is the view forwarded by Reinhart Koselleck in his 1959 book Kritik und Krise. There in he suggests that rather than a union of the sacred and the secular, divine right monarchy already announced the triumph of the secular over the sacred. Before this period there had been the two worlds of religion and politics. With the Reformation Christianity no longer w as unified under the pope but broke into various factions. The divine right of kings, whether it is in England or France, certainly allowed for an absolutism, but relegated the religious partner to the outer fringe of politics where it was left to argue matters of theology and direct the religious faithful while recognizing the supremacy of the King in all matters political, or even, as in England, recognizing the King as leader in both matters. When Camus points to Marx's observation that the beginning of a radical critique of society is a radical critique of religion, he believes his own critical project to be partly vindicated.

Printing

In the 1430’s a man named Johann Gutenberg created the predecessor to the modern printing press. The level of importance of the printing press is rivaled by few other inventions, so much so that â€Å"the invention of the printing press† is often used as a reference to the social, political, and scientific change experienced by Europe after the press’s introduction. (Wikipedia). Johannes Gutenberg invented a mechanical way of making books. This was the first example of mass book production. Before the invention of printing, multiple copies of a manuscript had to be made by hand, a laborious task that could take many years. Later books were produced by and for the church using the process of wood engraving. This required the craftsman to cut away the background, leaving the area to be printed raised. This process applied to both text and illustrations was extremely time consuming. When a page was complete, often by joining several blocks together, it would be inked and a sheet of paper was then pressed over it far an imprint. The susceptibility of wood to the elements gave such blocks a limited lifespan. When Johannes Gutenberg began building his press in 1436, he was unlikely to have realized that he was giving birth to an art form which would take center stage in the social and industrial revolutions which followed. The most important aspect of his invention was that it was the first form of printing to use movable type. His initial efforts enabled him in 1440 to mass-produce indulgences – printed slips of paper sold by the Catholic Church to remit temporal punishments in purgatory for sins committed in this life, for those wealthy enough to afford indulgences. Gutenberg’s invention spread rapidly after his death in 1468. It met in general with a ready, and as enthusiastic reception in the centers of culture. The names of more than 1000 printers, mostly of German origin, have come down to us from the fifteenth century. In Italy we find well over 100 German printers, in France 30, in Spain 26. Many of the earliest printers outside of Germany had learned their art in Mainz Gutenberg’s Home and where they were know as â€Å"goldsmiths†. Among those who were undeniably pupils of Gutenberg, and who probably were also assistants in the Guttenberg printing ouse. The new printing presses had spread like brushfire through Europe. By 1499 print-houses had become established in more than 2500 cities in Europe. Fifteen million books had been flung into a world where scholars would travel miles to visit a library stocked with twenty hand-written volumes. Scholars argue about the number. It could’ve been as few as eight million or as many as twenty four million all within 50 years of the printing presses invention. But the output of new books had been staggering by any reasonable estimate. The people had suddenly come into possession of some thirty thousand new book titles. While the Gutenberg press was much more efficient than manual copying, the industrial Revolution and the introduction of the steam powered rotary press allowed thousands of copies of a page in a single day. Mass production of printed works flourished after the transition to rolled paper, as continuous feed allowed the presses to run at a much faster pace. Gutenberg’s invention did not make him rich, but it laid the foundation for the commercial mass production of books. The success of printing meant that books soon became cheaper, and ever wider parts of the population could afford them. More than ever before, it enabled people to follow debates and take part in discussion of matters that concerned them. As a consequence, the printed book also led to more stringent attempts at censorship. This was a sign that it was felt by those in authority to be dangerous and challenging to their position. The spread of literacy and the development of universities meant that by the 15th century, despite an assembly line approach to the production of books, supply was no longer able to meet demand. As a result there was widespread interest in finding an alternative means of producing books. Before books could be mass produced, several developments were necessary. A ready supply of suitable material that could be printed on was required. Manuscript books were written on Vellum and this material was used for some early printed books, but vellum was expensive and not available in sufficient quantity for the mass production of books. The introduction of the technique of making paper and the subsequent development of a European apermaking industry was a necessary condition for the widespread adoption of print technology. Although a number of people had previously attempted to make metal type or had experimented with individual woodcut letters, it was not until a technique was devised for producing metal type in large quantities at a reasonable cost. This involved the design of a type-face and the production of molds used for making the individual pieces of type as well as the development of an alloy that was soft enough to cast yet hard enough to use for printing. It was also necessary to develop suitable inks for printing with the new type. The water-based inks used for hand lettering and for block printing will not stick to metal type; therefore a viscous oil based ink was required. Finally, a press was needed for transferring the image from type to paper. Precedents existed in the presses used for making wine, cheese and paper and one of Johannes Gutenberg’s innovations was to adapt these presses for the printing process. An operator worked a lever to increase and decrease the pressure of the block against the paper. The invention of the printing press, in turn, set off a revolution that is still in progress today. Look around wherever you are, and you’ll likely find plenty of printed material, from business cards to brochures to books. Printing words and images on paper may seem like one of the more environmentally benign things that printing does, but that isn’t necessarily the case. If you examine the life cycle of printed matter – from turning trees into paper through the witch’s brew of chemicals involved — professional printing takes on a decidedly non-green hue. Typically, the process involves a variety of inks, solvents, acids, resins, lacquers, dyes, driers, extenders, modifiers, varnishes, shellacs, and other solutions. Only a few of these ingredients end up directly on the printed page. Many of the ingredients are toxic: Silver, lead, chromium, cadmium, toluene, chloroform, methylene chloride, barium-based pigments, and acrylic copolymers. And that’s mot all. Chlorine bleaching of paper is linked to cancer-causing water pollutants. Waste inks and solvents are usually considered hazardous. Bindings, adhesives, foils, and plastic bags used in printing or packaging printed material can render paper unrecyclable. And you thought it was just ink on paper. Not everyone defines â€Å"green printing† the same way and there is no standard of certification for what makes a printer green. There are several things a printer can do to minimize the detrimental effects to the environment. In general, an environmentally minded printer should use the most eco-friendly papers available, reduce or eliminate toxic chemicals, waste ink, and solvents. The printer should also be willing to use soy or other vegetable inks, educate customers about how to reduce a project’s environmental impact. Green printing is on a roll, moving beyond small, do-good companies and activist groups to larger corporations and government agencies that have mandates to purchase greener goods and services. As demand for green printing has grown, so too has the number of printers offering such services. Many printers now days can recycle up to 98% of there wastes and more and more or doing just that. Life magazine called the printing press the greatest invention in the last 1000 years.

Free Essays on Cause Of Slavery

Cause of Slavery Slavery was caused by economic factors of the English settlers in the late 17th century. Colonists continually tried to allure laborers to the colony. The head right system was to give the indentured servant, a method of becoming independent after a number of years of service. Slavery was caused by economic reasons. Colonists chiefly relied on Indentured Servitude, in order to facilitate their need for labor. The decreasing population combined with a need for a labor force, led colonists to believe that African slaves were the most efficient way to acquire a labor force that would satisfy their needs. Before the 1680's, Indentured Servitude was the primary source of labor in the newly developed colonies. After the 1680's, the population of the Indentured Servants decreased, exponentially. Their were a number of different reasons why the population of indentured servants had decreased. The indentured servants were running away from their temporary masters, to find a job where he could become more independent. Indentured servants were also dying of many diseases, which were caused by harsh conditions. The immigration of servants thus declined, because of the people in England being informed of the harsh treatment in the colonies. The society was where the land was easy to find, while the labor was most scarce. Indentured servitude was a form of labor that was declining, and the need for labor increased rapidly. In the 1600's, when John Rolfe founded tobacco, tobacco became the main source of income for most of the colonists. The economic prosperity of the colonies was primarily dependent on the amount of tobacco produced. The growing of tobacco needed a large amount of land, with a large stable work force. The increased demand for a large, stable work force combined with the availability of African slaves, led to the use of slavery in the colonies. During the late 17th century, the indentured servants ... Free Essays on Cause Of Slavery Free Essays on Cause Of Slavery Cause of Slavery Slavery was caused by economic factors of the English settlers in the late 17th century. Colonists continually tried to allure laborers to the colony. The head right system was to give the indentured servant, a method of becoming independent after a number of years of service. Slavery was caused by economic reasons. Colonists chiefly relied on Indentured Servitude, in order to facilitate their need for labor. The decreasing population combined with a need for a labor force, led colonists to believe that African slaves were the most efficient way to acquire a labor force that would satisfy their needs. Before the 1680's, Indentured Servitude was the primary source of labor in the newly developed colonies. After the 1680's, the population of the Indentured Servants decreased, exponentially. Their were a number of different reasons why the population of indentured servants had decreased. The indentured servants were running away from their temporary masters, to find a job where he could become more independent. Indentured servants were also dying of many diseases, which were caused by harsh conditions. The immigration of servants thus declined, because of the people in England being informed of the harsh treatment in the colonies. The society was where the land was easy to find, while the labor was most scarce. Indentured servitude was a form of labor that was declining, and the need for labor increased rapidly. In the 1600's, when John Rolfe founded tobacco, tobacco became the main source of income for most of the colonists. The economic prosperity of the colonies was primarily dependent on the amount of tobacco produced. The growing of tobacco needed a large amount of land, with a large stable work force. The increased demand for a large, stable work force combined with the availability of African slaves, led to the use of slavery in the colonies. During the late 17th century, the indentured servants ...

Free Essays on Be A Better Boss

GO ON AN OCCASIONAL â€Å"LISTENING TOUR† This worked really well for a coaching client recently, who had been appointed to a new high responsibility job in a new agency, where at some point she would have to create real pressure for change. She started her job right away by scheduling one-on-one time with each of her direct reports, spanning more than one city, by phone if not in person. She took an open-ended approach to learning what each person liked about their work, what they did not like so much, what they hoped to do or achieve in the long term, what they saw as potential problems for the agency, etc. She got to know them by just listening in a non-threatening way, which gave her a lot of credibility right away, even though she was replacing a popular predecessor and coming from the outside. She learned a lot that will make her more effective as she guides the organization in some new directions, and minimized the resistance she will likely encounter as she introduces new ideas and changes. This is something any b oss can do informally any time, or periodically, no matter how long he or she has been in the position. Don’t make a big deal of it; just do it, or ask for time on people’s schedules just to catch up or take the pulse of the organization. ASK WHAT PEOPLE WANT FOR THE LONG TERM Asking does not obligate you to give everyone what they want, but it’s better to know than not to know. If you know what a person’s career or personal ambitions are, you can find creative ways to help them get where they want to go while also helping them serve the needs of the organization. You likely won’t keep people forever, but if you make their paths through your organization also serves their needs, you win a referral source for other new people to come to your organization in the future, and maybe a chance to rehire a â€Å"boomerang† – someone who someday comes back to your organization and helps in a new way – i... Free Essays on Be A Better Boss Free Essays on Be A Better Boss GO ON AN OCCASIONAL â€Å"LISTENING TOUR† This worked really well for a coaching client recently, who had been appointed to a new high responsibility job in a new agency, where at some point she would have to create real pressure for change. She started her job right away by scheduling one-on-one time with each of her direct reports, spanning more than one city, by phone if not in person. She took an open-ended approach to learning what each person liked about their work, what they did not like so much, what they hoped to do or achieve in the long term, what they saw as potential problems for the agency, etc. She got to know them by just listening in a non-threatening way, which gave her a lot of credibility right away, even though she was replacing a popular predecessor and coming from the outside. She learned a lot that will make her more effective as she guides the organization in some new directions, and minimized the resistance she will likely encounter as she introduces new ideas and changes. This is something any b oss can do informally any time, or periodically, no matter how long he or she has been in the position. Don’t make a big deal of it; just do it, or ask for time on people’s schedules just to catch up or take the pulse of the organization. ASK WHAT PEOPLE WANT FOR THE LONG TERM Asking does not obligate you to give everyone what they want, but it’s better to know than not to know. If you know what a person’s career or personal ambitions are, you can find creative ways to help them get where they want to go while also helping them serve the needs of the organization. You likely won’t keep people forever, but if you make their paths through your organization also serves their needs, you win a referral source for other new people to come to your organization in the future, and maybe a chance to rehire a â€Å"boomerang† – someone who someday comes back to your organization and helps in a new way – i...

Governing Global Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Governing Global Business - Essay Example Liberalism is the most accepted theory in this regard and the main principles of globalisation are based on this theory. Research Question Since the theory of liberalism is most close to the topic of globalisation, the theory has got a wide acceptance among the research scholars who have written about the state and the effects of Globalisation. This paper makes an attempt to analyse how far the principles of Liberalism are applicable to the globalisation and how it has been actually applied in practice. Literature Review Globalisation is a phenomenon that the world experienced through the opening up of the networks of communication and trade relations across countries in different parts of the world. As a result of the globalisation the world would be a single village of people where the flow of ideas would be free and the cultural exchange between people would be more liberal (Smith, 1980, p. 119). There are several facets of the process of globalisation. First of all it means the l iberalisation of the foreign policies of the state. Along with this it includes the privatisation of the government enterprises and investments in projects across the barriers of nationality (Waters, 1995, p. 11). The phenomenon would also include the easy mobility of the employable people and exchange of business ideas. But the idea chiefly includes mainly communication across cross country borders. The advent of Globalisation was seen mostly towards the fag end of the twentieth century (Appadurai, 2000, p. 82). With the inception of the World Wide Web, the people could easily establish the relations that lie at the diametrically opposite part of the globe. The time taken to carry out this communication process was also less which in turn facilitated trade across countries. The free flowing ideas and exchange of information had also brought the nations with the common interests on a same platform. On the other hand, a state in the sense of politics are a group of people living in a definite area of land and are controlled and guided by the rules laid down by a powerful body known as the government (Featherstone, 1990, p. 73). Often the term government is used interchangeably with the state. There are several states or nations in the world that have their specific set of rules and regulations. The process of globalisation would encourage the interaction of all these states from an economic, social, cultural and religious perspective on a common field. The terms that are commonly used along with the term globalization include Liberalism, Marxism and Realism. The political philosophy of Liberalism believes that a state should allow liberty and equality to all the citizens of the state. The people of the state should provide each and every citizen to take part in the election in the most open manner. The country should take part in free trade and the people should be allowed to have ownership of property (Rosefielde, 2008, p. 60). This is completely opposed to th e theory of Marxism that does not believe in the possession of private property but believe that the surplus value that comes out of any production process should be sent to the government who will have the responsibility of allocating the resources according to the needs of the people. The ownership of the means of production should lie in the hands of

Collaborative Innovation. Things that motivate companies to Essay

Collaborative Innovation. Things that motivate companies to collaborate in innovation - Essay Example Technology increases the productivity and profitability of a firm in which it is used. Usually, firms collaborate to innovate in the running of their businesses (Gloor, 2006, p72). When two or more firms choose to work together to develop a technology, they identify the things they have in common. Various factors that are perceived to be beneficial to partnering firms cause them to come together and innovate together. Some of the factors that cause firms to collaborate in innovation include reducing the cost of development of the technology, reducing the potential risks that are involved in technological development or entering the market, to achieve the economies of scale, which reduce the cost of production, promoting shared learning between the firms involved, and reducing the time taken to produce and market new products (Tidd, Bessant and Pavitt, 2005, p25-78). The results of the collaborative invention vary significantly according to different companies, and these factors may b e beyond or within the abilities of the partnering firms. Some factors that influence the results of a collaborative interaction between firms include: the competitiveness of the partners, the transparency issues, receptivity of ideas, the rate of learning and bargaining power of partners, the intention of the firms when they accepted to enter into collaboration, and sustainability of the deal (Hamel, 1991, p.83-101). These factors determine whether or not the collaboration will continue in order to develop technologies together; if the factors are favourable to the collaborating firms, they continue to develop technologies together. Different companies collaborate in innovation according to different interaction policies. These interactions are determined by conditions that are set by those partners, when joining together as well as those that are related to sustainability. In order to understand the issues that are related to the collaborative innovation, there is need to explore the factors that influence firms to come together as well as those that influence the sustainability of collaborative innovation interactions. Things that motivate companies to collaborate in innovation In events where firms collaborate to innovate, they need to put into consideration all the issues that can arise from it. When firms focus narrowly at the reduction of cost, it may work not for their benefit because although collaboration may reduce the cost of production and enhance economies of scale, it is also possible that the company will need to establish a strategy of developing the collaborative relationship. For instance, if firms consider the factor of cost reduction in a collaborative innovation deal, they can evaluate other costs apart from the basic raw materials for the company. A good collaborative innovation deal needs to consider the amount of money that will be required to facilitate collaborative capabilities. For instance, different firms will need to develop peo ple within their firm that will sustain the technology that they develop. This means that they should not develop a technology that they will lose within a short time (MacCormack, Forbath, Brooks & Kalaher, 2007, p17-102). Firms may be driven to form a collaborative interaction in innovation by their need to increase the income share; this is by maximisation of all the opportunities they have in their production. Every chance a firm has to reduce the risk of making losses and increase profitability becomes a motivation for the company to involve other companies to innovate (Da Vinci, n.d, p1). When firms come into collaboration, they intend to develop fast to gain their competitive advantages.