English Language and Composition

AP position Langu shape up and Composition 2011 Free-Response points c move backrestly the College write down on The College advance is a mission-driven non-for-profit brass instrument that connects students to college mastery and opportunity. Founded in 1900, the College gore was cr exhausted to magnify gate to higher education. To twenty-four hour period, the membership link is made up of to a capitaler extent than than 5,900 of the b solely(prenominal)s leading educational institutions and is consecrated to promoting excellence and comeliness in education.Each year, the College circuit card financial aids more than s even out meg students unsex for a successful transition to college by supposes of programs and services in college readiness and college success including the SAT and the Advanced Placement political program. 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AP Central is the official online kinfolk for the AP Program apcentral. collegeboard. om. 2011 AP incline lyric poem AND report FREE-RESPONSE QUESTIONS ENGLISH words AND subject SECTION II thorough sack time2 hours Question 1 (Suggested time40 hrs. This wonder ciphers for third base of the total test partition score. ) Loc avores atomic number 18 deal who encounter decided to eat topical anesthetic anesthetic anaesthetic anestheticly bad or constituted products as much as possible. With an eye to aliment as well as sustainability (resource employ that preserves the environment), the locavore movement has become widespread over the past decade.Imagine that a community is considering organizing a locavore movement. C befully read the future(a) seven sources, including the introductory information for individu aloney source. so synthesize information from at least(prenominal) three of the sources and incorporate it into a coherent, well-developed essay that identifies the key comes associated with the locavore movement and examines their implications for the community. put one over sure that your argument is central enforce the sources to illustrate and support your landing. Avoid save summarizing the sources.Indicate cl beforehand(predicate) which sources you atomic number 18 drawi ng from, whether through direct quotation, paraphrase, or summary. You may reboot the sources as cum A, come B, etc. , or by using the descriptions in pargonntheses. address A Source B Source C Source D Source E Source F Source G (Maiser) (Smith and MacKinnon) (McWilliams) ( map) (Gogoi) (Roberts) (cartoon) 2011 The College Board. prognosticate the College Board on the Web www. collegeboard. org. GO ON TO THE succeeding(prenominal) PAGE. -2- 2011 AP ENGLISH oral communication communication AND composition FREE-RESPONSE QUESTIONS Source A Maiser, Jennifer. 10 Reasons to rust Local Food. polish off Local Ch tot all toldyenge. Eat Local Challenge, 8 Apr. 2006. Web. 16 Dec. 2009. The future(a) is an term from a group Weblog create verbally by individuals who are interested in the benefits of take in nourishment bountiful and produced topical anesthetic anestheticly. take local means more for the local saving. According to a piece of playact by the bare-ass Ec onomics Foundation in London, a dollar spent locally generates twice as much income for the local economy. When feares are non owned locally, nones leaves the community at any transaction. topically bountiful produce is unspoilter. succession produce that is purchased in the supermarket or a big-box store has been in transit or cold-stored for days or weeks, produce that you purchase at your local sodbusters market has oft been picked within 24 hours of your purchase. This freshness not scarcely affects the examine of your aliment, but the sustainmental value which declines with time. Local solid nourishment exclusively plain tastes summate out. Ever tried a tomato that was picked within 24 hours? Nuff said. locally bounteous fruits and veget commensurates pose longer to ripen. Beca economic consumption the produce willing be handled lesser, locally grown fruit does not have to be rugged or to stand up to the rigors of transit. This means that you are going to be getting peaches so ripe that they supervene apart as you eat them, figs that would have been smashed to bits if they were sold using tralatitious methods, and melons that were exited to ripen until the last possible minute on the vine. feeding local is ameliorate for air quality and pollution than eating ingrained. In a March 2005 study by the journal Food Policy, it was ensnare that the miles that organic feed often travels to our men mount creates environmental damage that outweighs the benefit of buying organic. get local viands keeps us in touch with the seasons. By eating with the seasons, we are eating victualss when they are at their kick taste, are the most abundant, and the least expensive. Buying locally grown nourishment is sustenance for a wonderful degree. Whether its the farmer who brings local apples to market or the baker who plants local bread, knowing part of the story astir(predicate) your diet is such a potent part of transporting a meal. Eating local protects us from bio-terrorism. Food with less distance to travel from farm to headquarters has less susceptibility to harmful contamination.Local solid viands trans latterlys to more variety. When a farmer is producing food that will not travel a long distance, will have a shorter shelf life, and does not have a high-yield demand, the farmer is drop by the wayside to try broken crops of various fruits and vegetables that would probably never energize it to a large supermarket. Supermarkets are interested in selling Name scratch fruit Romaine Lettuce, Red red-hot Apples, Russet Potatoes. Local producers often turn with their crops from year to year, trying out unforesightful Gem Lettuce, Senshu Apples, and Chieftain Potatoes.Supporting local fork outrs supports trusty land development. When you buy local, you give those with local open spacefarms and pasturesan economical reason to stay open and undeveloped. Jennifer Maiser, www. eatlocalchallenge. com 2011 The College Board. check the College Board on the Web www. collegeboard. org. GO ON TO THE conterminous PAGE. -3- 2011 AP ENGLISH LANGUAGE AND opus FREE-RESPONSE QUESTIONS Source B Smith, Alisa, and J. B. MacKinnon. Plenty nonpareil Man, One Woman, and a Raucous class of Eating Locally. invigorated York Harmony, 2007. Print. The pursual passage is excerpted from a book written by the creators of the degree Celsius-Mile Diet, an touch sensation into in eating only foods grown and produced within a vitamin C-mile radius. Food begins to lose nutrition as soon as it is harvested. Fruit and vegetables that travel shorter distances are so likely to be closer to a maximum of nutrition. Nowadays, we know a drove more about the naturally occurring substances in produce, said Cynthia Sass. Its not alone vitamins and minerals, but all these phytochemicals and really powerful disease-fighting substances, and we do know that when a food never really reaches its peak ripeness, the l evels of these substances never get as high. . . . Yet when I called to confirm these facts with Marion Nestle, a professor and motive chair of nutrition, food studies, and public wellness at bare-assed York University, she waved away the nutrition issue as a red herring. Yes, she said, our 100-mile dieteven in passwas well-nigh certainly more wholesome than what the average the Statesn was eating.That doesnt mean it is necessary to eat locally in order to be healthy. In fact, a person making smart choices from the international megamart can easily meet all the bodys needs. in that location will be nutritional differences, but theyll be marginal, said Nestle. I mean, thats not really the issue. It feels like its the issue obviously fresher foods that are grown on better soils are going to have more nutrients. hardly concourse are not nutrient-deprived. Were reasonable not nutrient-deprived. So would Marion Nestle, as a dietician, as one of Americas most important critics of dietary policy, exponent for local eating? Absolutely. Why? Because she loves the taste of fresh food, she said. She loves the mystery of long time when the late corn is upright utterly, incredibly darling, and no one can say wherefore it just is. She likes having farmers around, and farms, and farmland. 2011 The College Board. Visit the College Board on the Web www. collegeboard. org. GO ON TO THE neighboring PAGE. -4- 2011 AP ENGLISH LANGUAGE AND COMPOSITION FREE-RESPONSE QUESTIONS Source C McWilliams, James E. On My sound judgment The Locavore Myth. Forbes. com. Forbes, 15 Jul. 2009. Web. 16 Dec. 2009.The pursual is excerpted from an online credit article in a business magazine. Buy local, shrink the distance food travels, save the planet. The locavore movement has captured a fold of fans. To their credit, they are highlighting the chores with industrialized food. only when a lot of them are making a big mistake. By center on fascinateation, they overlook oth er energy-hogging factors in food production. Take lamb. A 2006 faculty member study (funded by the peeled Zealand government) find that it made more environmental esthesis for a Londoner to buy lamb shipped from New Zealand than to buy lamb raised in the U.K. This finding is counterintuitiveif youre only counting food miles. But New Zealand lamb is raised on pastures with a grim carbon footprint, whereas most English lamb is produced chthonian intensive grinder-like conditions with a big carbon footprint. This disparity overwhelms home(prenominal) lambs advantage in exile energy. New Zealand lamb is not exceptional. Take a close look at water usage, fertilizer types, impact methods and incase techniques and you discover that factors other than shipping far outweigh the energy it takes to transport food.One analysis, by Rich Pirog of the Leopold Center for sustainable Agriculture, showed that transportation accounts for only 11% of foods carbon footprint. A stern of the energy required to produce food is expended in the consumers kitchen. Still more energy is consumed per meal in a restaurant, since restaurants throw away most of their leftovers. Locavores moot that buying local food supports an scene of actions farmers and, in turn, strengthens the community. Fair tolerable. remaining unacknowledged, however, is the fact that it also hurts farmers in other parts of the knowledge domain.The U. K. buys most of its green beans from Kenya. enchantment its true that the beans almost invariably arrive in airplanes the form of transportation that consumes the most energyits also true that a campaign to ignominy English consumers with small airplane stickers attach to flown-in produce threatens the livelihood of 1. 5 million sub-Saharan farmers. Another chink in the locavores armor involves the way food miles are calculated. To choose a locally grown apple over an apple motortrucked in from across the domain might seem easy. But this decision i gnores economies of scale.To take an peak example, a shipper sending a truck with 2,000 apples over 2,000 miles would consume the same mensuration of go off per apple as a local farmer who takes a lam 50 miles to sell 50 apples at his stall at the green market. The small measure here is not food miles but apples per gallon. The one big problem with thinking beyond food miles is that its hard to get the information you need. ethically concerned consumers know very teensy-weensy about processing practices, water availability, packaging waste and fertilizer application.This is an opportunity for guard dog groups. They should make life-cycle carbon counts available to shoppers. Reprinted by Permission of Forbes Media LLC 2010 2011 The College Board. Visit the College Board on the Web www. collegeboard. org. GO ON TO THE future(a) PAGE. -5- 2011 AP ENGLISH LANGUAGE AND COMPOSITION FREE-RESPONSE QUESTIONS Source D Loder, Natasha, Elizabeth Finkel, Craig Meisner, and Pamela Ronald . The Problem of What to Eat. Conservation Magazine. The hunting lodge for Conservation Biology, July-Sept. 2008. Web. 16 Dec. 2009.The following chart is excerpted from an online article in an environmental magazine. 2011 The College Board. Visit the College Board on the Web www. collegeboard. org. GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE. -6- 2011 AP ENGLISH LANGUAGE AND COMPOSITION FREE-RESPONSE QUESTIONS Source E Gogoi, Pallavi. The dress up of the Locavore How the Strengthening Local Food try in Towns Across the U. S. Is Reshaping Farms and Food Retailing. Bloomberg Businessweek. Bloomberg, 20 may 2008. Web. 17 Dec. 2009. The following is excerpted from an online article in a business magazine.The overturn of farmers markets in city centers, college towns, and rural squaresis will to a dramatic shift in American tastes. Consumers increasingly are pursuit out the flavors of fresh, vine-ripened foods grown on local farms rather than those trucked to supermarkets from faraway lands. This i s not a fringe foodie culture, says Anthony Flaccavento. These are ordinary, middle-income folk music who have become really prose deletee in food and really share about where their food comes from. Its a movement that is gradually reshaping the business of developing and supplying food to Americans.The local food movement has already accomplished something that almost no one would have feeling possible a few age back a revival of small farms. After declining for more than a century, the exit of small farms has increased 20% in the past sestet years, to 1. 2 million, correspond to the Agriculture Dept. . . . The impact of locavores (as local-food proponents are known) even shows up in that majuscule face each five years to factory farming, the Farm Bill. The latest version passed both houses in Congress in early whitethorn and was sent on May 20 to President George W. supplys desk for signing. Bush has threatened to veto the bill, but it passed with enough suffrages to sustain an override. Predictably, the overwhelming bulk of its $290 billion would still go to powerful husbandry interests in the form of subsidies for growing corn, soybeans, and cotton. But $2. 3 billion was set past this year for specialty crops, such as the eggplants, strawberries, or salad greens that are grown by exactly these small, mostly organic farmers. Thats a big bump-up from the $100 million that was earmarked for such things in the foregoing legislation.Small farmers will be able to get up to 75% of their organic hallmark costs reimbursed, and some of them can rule crop insurance. Theres notes for research into organic foods, and to promote farmers markets. Senator turkey cock Harkin (D-Iowa) said the bill invests in the health and nutrition of American kidskinren . . . by expanding their access to farmers markets and organic produce. Reprinted from the May 20, 2008 issue of Bloomberg BusinessWeek by special permission, copyright 2008 by Bloomberg L. P. 2 011 The College Board. Visit the College Board on the Web www. ollegeboard. org. GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE. -7- 2011 AP ENGLISH LANGUAGE AND COMPOSITION FREE-RESPONSE QUESTIONS Source F Roberts, Paul. The End of Food. New York Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2008. Print. The following is excerpted from a book about the food industry. The move toward local food, for all its trendiness (the more adamant adherents, known as localvores, touch to buy products that have traveled the least food miles), highlights one of the problematic pieces of the groundbreaking food economy the increasing faith on foods shipped halfway round the world.Because long-distance call food shipments promote profligate fuel use and the exploitation of cheap naturaliseing class (which compensates for the profligate fuel use), shifting back to a more locally sourced food economy is often touted as a sanely straightforward way to cut externalities, restore some measure of equity between producers and consumers, and put the food economy on a more sustainable footing. Such a shift would bring back diversity to land that has been all but destroyed by chemical-intensive mono-cropping, provide much-needed jobs at a local level, and help to rebuild community, argues the UK-based International Society for bionomics and Culture, one of the leading lights in the localvore movement. Moreover, it would allow farmers to make a decent aliment while giving consumers access to healthy, fresh food at affordable prices. While localvorism sounds superb in theory, it is proving quite intemperate in practice.To begin with, on that point are dozens of different definitions as to what local is, with some advocates arguing for political boundaries (as in Texas-grown, for example), others using quasi-geographic terms like food sheds, and still others laying out more or less arbitrarily drawn food circles with radii of 100 or 150 or ergocalciferol miles. Further, whereas some areas might find it fairly easy to e at locally (in Washington State, for example, Im less than liter miles from industrial quantities of fresh produce, corn, wheat, beef, and milk), people in other parts of the country and the world would have to look farther afield.And what counts as local? Does food need to be purchased directly from the producer? Does it still count when its distributed through a bargain marketer, as with Wal-Marts Salute to Americas Farmer program, which is now periodically showcasing local growers? The larger problem is that although decentralize food systems function well in de modify societieslike the United States was a century ago, or like umteen developing nations still aretheyre a poor fit in modern urbanized societies.The same economic forces that helped food production become centralized and regionalized did the same thing to our population in the United States, 80 percent of us live in large, densely inhabit urban areas, usually on the coast, and typically hundreds of miles, often t housands of miles, from the major centers of food production. 2011 The College Board. Visit the College Board on the Web www. collegeboard. org. GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE. -8- 2011 AP ENGLISH LANGUAGE AND COMPOSITION FREE-RESPONSE QUESTIONSSource G Hallatt, Alex. Arctic Circle. preposterous strip. King Features Syndicate, Inc. 1 Sept. 2008. Web. 12 July 2009. The following is a cartoon from an environmentally themed funny strip. ARCTIC CIRCLE 2008 MACNELLY. DISTRIBUTED BY superpower FEATURES SYNDICATE 2011 The College Board. Visit the College Board on the Web www. collegeboard. org. GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE. -9- 2011 AP ENGLISH LANGUAGE AND COMPOSITION FREE-RESPONSE QUESTIONS Question 2 (Suggested time40 minutes.This question counts for one-third of the total essay section score. ) Florence Kelley (1859-1932) was a United States social proletarian and reformer who fought successfully for child campaign laws and improved conditions for produceing women. She delivered the followi ng speech before the convention of the National American Woman Suffrage Association in Philadelphia on July 22, 1905. Read the speech carefully. Then write an essay in which you learn the rhetorical strategies Kelley uses to convey her message about child labor to her audience.Support your analysis with item references to the text. We have, in this country, two million children under the age of sixteen years who are earning their bread. They vary in age from six and seven years (in the cotton mill of gallium) and eight, nine and ten years (in the coal-breakers of Pennsylvania), to fourteen, cardinal and sixteen years in more enlightened states. No other helping of the wage earning class increased so rapidly from decade to decade as the young little girls from fourteen to twenty years.Men increase, women increase, youthfulness increase, boys increase in the ranks of the breadwinners but no contingent so doubles from nosecount period to census period (both by percent and by c ount of heads), as does the contingent of girls between xii and twenty years of age. They are in commerce, in offices, in manufacturing. To night while we intermission, several(prenominal) thousand little girls will be gaining in textile mill about, all the night through, in the deafening preventive of the spindles and the looms spinning and weaving cotton and wool, silks and ribbons for us to buy.In Alabama the law provides that a child under sixteen years of age shall not work in a cotton mill at night longer than eight hours, and Alabama does better in this respect than whatever other southern state. North and South Carolina and atomic number 31 place no restriction upon the work of children at night and while we sleep little white girls will be working tonight in the mill in those states, working eleven hours at night. In Georgia there is no restriction whatever A girl of six or seven years, just tall enough to reach the bobbins, may work eleven hours by day or by night.An d they will do so tonight, while we sleep. Nor is it only in the South that these things occur. Alabama does better than New Jersey. For Alabama limits the childrens work at night to eight hours, while New Jersey permits it all night long. farthest year New Jersey took a long backward step. A good law was repealed which had required women and children to stop work at six in the even out and at noon on Friday. Now, therefore, in New Jersey, boys and girls, after their 14th birthday, enjoy the pitiful privilege of working all night long.In Pennsylvania, until last May it was straight for children, 13 years of age, to work twelve hours at night. A little girl, on her thirteenth birthday, could start away from her home at half past five in the afternoon, carrying her pail of midnight luncheon as happier people carry their midday luncheon, and could work in the mill from six at night until six in the morning, without violating any law of the Commonwealth. If the mothers and the teache rs in Georgia could vote, would the Georgia Legislature have refused at every session for the last three years to stop the work in the mills of children under twelve years of age?Would the New Jersey Legislature have passed that shameful repeal bill change girls of fourteen years to work all night, if the mothers in New Jersey were liberate? Until the mothers in the great industrial states are enfranchised, we shall none of us be able to melt our consciences from participation in this great evil. No one in this elbow room tonight can feel free from such participation. The children make our shoes in the shoe factories they knit our stockings, our knitted underclothing in the knitting factories.They spin and drift our cotton underwear in the cotton mills. Children braid straw for our hats, they spin and stray the silk and velvet wherewith we trim our hats. They stamp buckles and metal ornaments of all kinds, as well as pins and hat-pins. Under the sweating system, tiny childre n make artificial flowers and neckwear for us to buy. They carry bundles of garments from the factories to the tenements, little beasts of burden, robbed of school life that they may work for us. We do not wish this. We prefer to have our work done by men and women.But we are almost powerless. non wholly powerless, however, are citizens who enjoy the right of petition. For myself, I Line 5 45 50 10 55 15 60 20 65 25 70 30 75 35 80 40 2011 The College Board. Visit the College Board on the Web www. collegeboard. org. GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE. -10- 2011 AP ENGLISH LANGUAGE AND COMPOSITION FREE-RESPONSE QUESTIONS shall use this power in every possible way until the right to the voter turnout is granted, and then I shall continue to use both. What can we do to free our consciences? There is one line of action by which we can do much.We can affiance the workingmen on behalf of our enfranchisement just in proportion as we strive with them to free the children. No labor organization in t his country ever fails to respond to an speak to for help in the freeing of the children. For the saki of the children, for the Republic in which these children will vote after we are dead, and for the sake of our cause, we should blueprint the workingmen voters, with us, in this task of freeing the children from labor 85 90 95 2011 The College Board. Visit the College Board on the Web www. collegeboard. org.GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE. -11- 2011 AP ENGLISH LANGUAGE AND COMPOSITION FREE-RESPONSE QUESTIONS Question 3 (Suggested time40 minutes. This question counts for one-third of the total essay section score. ) The following passage is from Rights of Man, a book written by the pamphleteer doubting Thomas Paine in 1791. Born in England, Paine was an intellectual, a revolutionary, and a supporter of American liberty from England. Read the passage carefully. Then write an essay that examines the extent to which Paines picture of America holds true today.Use appropriate examine to s upport your argument. If there is a country in the world, where concord, according to common calculation, would be least expected, it is America. Made up, as it is, of people from different nations, accustomed to different forms and habits of government, discourse different languages, and more different in their modes of worship, it would appear that the union of such a people was impracticable but by the simple operation of constructing government on the principles of society and the rights of man, every difficulty retires, and all the parts are brought into ordial unison. There, the poor are not oppressed, the rich are not privileged. . . . Their taxes are few, because their government is just and as there is nothing to render them wretched, there is nothing to engender riots and tumults. STOP displace OF EXAM 2011 The College Board. Visit the College Board on the Web www. collegeboard. org. -12-